毛色遗传多样性在家畜遗传育种中的研究进展OA

With the development of gene editing and molecular breeding technology,the application value of coat color genetic diversity in livestock genetic breeding has become increasingly prominent.It is not only a significant apparent feature of the variety,but also an intuitive genetic marker for judging the purity of the variety.In view of the different genes and genetic rules of coat color control in major livestock such as pigs,cattle and sheep,this paper reviewed the research progress of coat color inheritance in major livestock such as pigs,cattle and sheep,clarified the function and interaction regulation mechanism of key coat color genes,and sorted out the genetic rules of different coat color phenotypes.Studies have shown that the color of pigs,cattle and sheep is regulated by key genes such as MC1R,KIT,ASIP and TYR.Through dominant epistasis,recessive homozygosity,gene interaction and signal pathway differences,the synthesis of true melanin and brown melanin,the proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes and the spatial and temporal distribution of pigments are regulated,and finally a variety of hair color phenotypes such as white,black,red,spotted,brown and gray are formed.At the same time,the breeding examples of Jishen black pig,Chuanxiang black pig,Tianfu black pig,Liaodan black pig,Huaxi cattle,Ashdan yak,Tianhua mutton sheep,Dumeng sheep and Chubao black sheep are combined.The application path and practical effect of coat color in variety purification were analyzed in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for livestock genetic breeding.