家畜基因组选种选配技术的研究进展OA

With the rapid advancement of genomics technologies,livestock breeding has entered the genomic era.Genomic selection and mating techniques,by integrating genome-wide marker information with intelligent algorithms,not only significantly enhance the accuracy of breeding selection and shorten generation intervals,but also effectively balance genetic gain with inbreeding control,thereby safeguarding population genetic health and promoting efficient,precise,and sustainable modern livestock breeding.This article systematically reviews the fundamental principles and common models of genomic selection and mating,including direct methods represented by GBLUP and ssGBLUP,indirect methods such as Bayesian approaches,and machine learning methods(e.g.,support vector machines,random forests,artificial neural networks),while analyzing the applicable scope,advantages,and limitations of each model.Regarding application progress,this article indicates that genomic selection technology has been widely implemented in the breeding of major livestock species such as cattle,pigs,goats,and sheep,significantly enhancing genetic gain for economically important traits including milk production,reproductive performance,and feed efficiency.Studies on genomic mating in dairy cattle and pigs demonstrate its important role in synergistically improving genetic gain,controlling inbreeding coefficients,and maintaining genetic diversity.Furthermore,this article analyzes current challenges facing this technology,including data quality and standardization,computational resource requirements,multi-trait integration,underutilization of structural variations,as well as personnel and cost issues in practical implementation,while providing prospects for future research directions.