SNP芯片开发及其在畜禽遗传育种中的应用研究进展OA

Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)chips are high-throughput tools for detecting genetic variations in the genome.With the advantages of high detection efficiency and accurate genotyping,they exhibit broad application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding.Researchers have developed a variety of SNP chips,which provide important genome-wide analytical methods for genetic breeding,breed improvement,and germplasm conservation of livestock and poultry.This paper reviews the development of SNP chips and their applications in key fields such as germplasm identification and genetic diversity analysis.Studies have shown that with the increase in SNP chip density from low to medium and high,their ability to capture genetic variations at the genome-wide level is continuously improved,providing a reliable approach for accurate breed identification,genetic purity evaluation,and breed admixture detection.In addition,genome-wide association study(GWAS)and genomic selection(GS)based on SNP chips can rapidly identify key genes and molecular markers associated with economically important traits including growth,reproduction,and disease resistance,thereby significantly improving the accuracy of selection and the efficiency of breeding.In conclusion,SNP chips have become an important platform for genomic research and molecular breeding in livestock and poultry.