肝细胞癌综合治疗的研究进展与挑战OA

This commentary provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),particularly since the second half of 2024.The aim is to offer a valuable reference for both clinical practice and research.Immunotherapy-based combination therapies,specifically targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy and dual immunotherapy,have demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in advanced HCC.These therapies have significantly prolonged patient survival and have been approved in China as the first-line standard treatment for advanced HCC.However,the efficacy of current first-line treatments has reached a plateau,and effective second-line treatment options remain scarce,which is an urgent clinical challenge.In the field of adjuvant HCC treatment,several key clinical trials have shown that systemic therapy has not been able to consistently reduce the risk of tumor recurrence after surgery.Therefore,the role of systemic therapy as an adjuvant treatment remains an unmet need.The results of randomized controlled trials on perioperative treatment for resectable HCC are highly anticipated.For intermediate-to-advanced-stage HCC,the combination of transarterial chemoembolization with systemic therapy has shown excellent short-term efficacy,significantly improving treatment response rates and prolonging progression-free survival.However,further research is needed to confirm whether this approach translates into a benefit in overall survival.Additionally,conversion therapy has emerged as a novel strategy aimed at creating surgical opportunities for patients with previously unresectable HCC.This approach has already led to expert consensus.Nevertheless,many detailed questions in this area still require further exploration.In the future,by optimizing the combination of current treatment modalities and identifying novel therapeutic targets,we are poised to make significant new advances in the clinical outcomes for HCC.