涡旋电磁波雷达的联合定位与多目标检测OA

Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM)vortex electromagnetic waves have recently shown some promise for improving azimuth resolution in radar through mode orthogonality.Although prior studies described application workflows and algorithms in detail,a rigorous theoretical derivation of the OAM radar echo mechanism and a clear characterization of the relationship in the mode domain and the azimuth domain are still lacking.This paper addresses the gap by establishing an echo model for OAM radar within a uniform circular array framework,deriving an orthogonal mapping between the mode and azimuth domains,and proposing a polar-coordinate joint localization method.The method first estimates target ranges using linear frequency modulated pulse compression,then estimates the deflection angle using a short baseline together with the cosine theorem,and finally recovers the azimuth angle by applying a discrete Fourier transform across multiple modes,thereby achieving three-dimensional joint parameter estimation.Numerical simulations in multi-target scenarios with mild mismatch demonstrate accurate joint estimates of range,deflection,and azimuth and show a significant improvement in azimuth resolution.