基于生态资产价值核算的跨流域调水水源地生态补偿标准估算OA

Payments for ecological services(PES)of water source areas constitute a critical mechanism for promoting rational resource allocation and advancing social equity.Eco-compensation in such contexts involves multiple stakeholders,and in practice,the formulation of reasonable compensation standards must incorporate the diverse interests and demands of all parties.To this end,we proposed a compensation standard model that integrated environmental protection costs,ecological asset values,and the payment capacity of society.The compensation standard based on environmental protection costs(EPC)primarily covers the direct costs of environmental conservation necessitated by the water diversion project.The compensation standard based on ecological asset value(EAV)represents the maximum inherent asset value contained within the ecosystem following ecological protection efforts.Meanwhile,the compensation standard based on the willingness to pay(WTP)of the water-receiving area considers the public's willingness to pay and the economic level of the beneficiary region.These three standards reflect the respective compensation demands and intentions of the project investors,the residents in the water source areas,and the residents in the water-receiving area,thus embodying the multi-stakeholder interests involved in the construction of the water diversion project.Using a reservoir,the primary water source area of a water diversion project,as a case study,we quantified the EAV of the water source area and calculated eco-compensation standards based on future EAV prediction.The results indicate that following the completion of the water diversion project,the EAV of the water source area increases by 15.004 billion yuan due to the implementation of large-scale environmental protection measures.Under different future development scenarios,the EAV is projected to vary.The highest value is achieved under the ecological protection priority(EPP)scenario,reaching 33.929 billion yuan in the target year of 2030 and 35.013 billion yuan in the target year of 2040.By 2030,under the business-as-usual(BAU),EPP,and socio-economic development(SED)scenarios,the estimated compensation ranges are 13.596-17.579,13.596-17.673,and 13.596-17.583 billion yuan,respectively.However,by 2040,the societal payment capacity is projected to fall below the costs required for environmental protection investments under all three scenarios.This shortfall may be attributed to diminishing marginal returns on environmental investments or the rising costs associated with mitigating complex pollution.Consequently,a horizontal compensation mechanism solely funded by the water-receiving area can no longer fully cover the direct environmental protection expenditures of the water source area.This necessitates the adoption of a combined approach,integrating both vertical compensation from the central government and horizontal compensation from the water-receiving area.This study therefore recommends that future eco-compensation mechanisms diversify financial channels and enhance public awareness of ecological conservation.