HPV感染相关肛门癌的预防与筛查:现状、挑战与未来OA

Anal cancer is a malignancy closely associated with human papillomavirus(HPV)infection,with a rising incidence globally.Persistent infection with high-risk HPV acted as the core driver of anal tumorigenesis.Currently,strategies for the prevention and control of HPV-related anal cancer primarily revolve around primary prevention(HPV vaccination)and secondary prevention(screening of high-risk populations).Based on existing evidence,HPV vaccination served as the core of primary prevention and demonstrated clear efficacy in reducing the incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia(AIN)by blocking persistent high-risk HPV infection.Regarding secondary prevention,domestic and international guidelines have reached a consensus recommending standardized screening based on anal cytology,high-risk HPV testing,and anoscopy for high-risk groups,such as people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and men who have sex with men(MSM),to facilitate early detection and intervention.