花青素生物活性及其在反刍动物生产中的应用OA

Anthocyanins are water-soluble natural flavonoid pigments widely present in vegetables and fruits,exhibiting various biological activities such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antitumor,immunomodulatory,and neuroprotective effects.As a potential natural feed additive,anthocyanins show promising application prospects in ruminant production.Regarding bioactivity,the article focuses on elucidating the anti-inflammatory mechanism through the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-B/mitogen-activated protein kinase(NF-κB/MAPK)signaling pathway,the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element(Nrf2/ARE)pathway,as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer and cardiovascular protection through intervention in cell cycle and lipid metabolism.In terms of application in ruminant production,the article mainly reviews the research progress on the regulation of rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota by anthocyanins(such as promoting propionate-type fermentation and reducing methane emissions),improvements in growth performance and feed conversion efficiency,enhancement of meat quality,and prolongation of semen cryopreservation time,to provide a reference for the further application of anthocyanins in ruminant production.