四种羊肚菌种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价OA

For the purposes of improving morel breeding efficiency,phenotypic diversity and variation level of morel germplasm resources of 58 strains preserved at the Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi were analyzed.Eighteen phenotypic traits were tested according to DUS testing guidelines for Morchella,and comprehensive evaluations combined with genetic diversity,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis were carried out.The results showed that among the 12 qualitative phenotypic traits,the genetic diversity index(Hʹ)of pileus ridge density was the highest(1.456),while that of the presence or absence of mycelial sclerotia was the lowest(0.432).For the 6 quantitative phenotypic traits,the Hʹ values ranged from 1.906 to 2.083,with an average of 1.974.Correlation analysis revealed that there were varied degrees of significant or extremely significant correlations among the 18 phenotypic traits.Cluster analysis divided the 58 germplasm resources into 5 groups,and each possessed typical phenotypic characteristics.Principal component analysis extracted 6 principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 71.36%,separately corresponding to core dimensions such as pileus quality,mycelium evaluation,and ascocarp morphology.The comprehensive evaluation model constructed by principal components classified the germplasm into 6 groups,among which Morchella exuberans strain M49 had the highest comprehensive score(1.18).The prediction equation established by stepwise regression analysis(adjusted R2=0.931)indicated that 10 traits,including the distribution pattern of mycelial sclerotia and pigment intensity,were the key factors affecting the comprehensive performance of Morchella.This study confirmed that the phenotypic genetic diversity of morel germplasm was rich,and the constructed comprehensive evaluation system provided an efficient germplasm screening for genetic improvement and breeding of Morchella.