上海市中小学校管道直饮水中亚硝胺类化合物污染水平及健康风险评估OA
Pollution levels and health risk assessment of nitrosamines in pipeline direct drinking water from primary and secondary schools in Shanghai
[背景]饮用水消毒产生的亚硝胺类化合物(NAms)具有强致癌性,我国多地饮用水 NAms污染突出,终端直饮水的NAms污染水平及风险亟待评估. [目的]了解上海市中小学校管道直饮水中亚硝胺类化合物浓度,评估通过直饮水途径暴露对不同年龄人群健康产生的潜在风险. [方法]于 2023年 5-6月从上海市 5个行政区的 66家中小学校采集管道直饮水水样共计198件,采用固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法检测 8种主要亚硝胺类化合物的质量浓度,应用致癌物质健康风险模型评估不同年龄人群经直饮水途径暴露于亚硝胺类化合物造成的致癌风险. [结果]在收集到的 198件样品中,196件检出亚硝胺类化合物,质量浓度(简称浓度)范围为未检出～106.06 ng·L-1,总亚硝胺平均浓度为 21.30 ng·L-1,其中 N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)检出率最高(98.5%);核心工艺采用超滤、纳滤和反渗透方式的水处理设备制备的直饮水中亚硝胺浓度不同,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄人群通过直饮水暴露于亚硝胺的终生致癌风险范围为 1.38×10-6～1.11×10-5,其中 NDMA的致癌风险最高(占比 82.1%);成人暴露于亚硝胺的致癌风险(1.08×10-5)高于儿童和青少年(1.38×10-6～2.61×10-6);对于18岁以下的儿童和青少年,致癌风险随年龄增长而降低. [结论]上海市中小学校管道直饮水中可检出痕量亚硝胺类化合物,以 NDMA为主;不同水处理工艺设备所制直饮水中亚硝胺浓度存在差异;不同年龄人群经饮水途径暴露于直饮水中亚硝胺的致癌风险均小于美国环保局推荐的可接受水平(1×10-4).
[Background]Nitrosamines(NAms),emerging as disinfection by-products in drinking water,are highly carcinogenic.Given the significant NAms contamination reported in various regions of China,evaluating the contamination levels and health risks of NAms in terminal direct drinking water is of great urgency. [Objective]To investigate the concentration levels of NAms in piped direct drinking water at pri-mary and secondary schools in Shanghai,and to assess the potential health risks posed to different age groups through this exposure pathway. [Methods]A total of 198 water samples were collected from 66 primary and secondary schools across five districts in Shanghai from May to June 2023.The mass concentrations of eight major NAms were quantified using solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A carcinogenic health risk model was employed to evaluate the lifetime cancer risks associated with NAms exposure via direct drinking water for various age groups. [Results]Among the 198 samples,NAms were detected in 196 samples,with concentrations ranging from below the limit of detection(LOD)to 106.06 ng·L-1.The average concentration of total NAms was 21.30 ng·L-1,with N-ni-trosodimethylamine(NDMA)exhibiting the highest detection rate at 98.5%.Significant differences in NAms concentrations were observed among water treatment systems utilizing ultrafiltration(UF),nanofiltration(NF),and reverse osmosis(RO)as core processes(P<0.05).The lifetime cancer risks for different age groups ranged from 1.38×10-6 to 1.11×10-5,with NDMA contributing the most to the overall risk(82.1%).The carcinogenic risk for adults(1.08×10-5)was higher than that for children and adolescents(1.38×10-6 to 2.61×10-6).Among children and adolescents under 18 years of age,the risk decreased as age increased. [Conclusion]Trace levels of NAms,primarily NDMA,are detected in the piped direct drinking water at primary and secondary schools in Shanghai,with concentrations vary significantly depending on the water treatment process.The carcinogenic risks of NAms exposure via direct drinking water for all age groups are below the acceptable level(1×10-4)recommended by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA).
王婷;沈朝烨;陈哲;陈健;苏怡
上海市疾病预防控制中心(上海市预防医学科学院) 公共服务与健康安全评价所,上海 201107上海市疾病预防控制中心(上海市预防医学科学院) 化学品毒性检定所,上海 201107上海市疾病预防控制中心(上海市预防医学科学院) 公共服务与健康安全评价所,上海 201107上海市疾病预防控制中心(上海市预防医学科学院) 公共服务与健康安全评价所,上海 201107上海市疾病预防控制中心(上海市预防医学科学院) 公共服务与健康安全评价所,上海 201107
医药卫生
亚硝胺直饮水中小学校分布健康风险
nitrosaminedirect drinking waterprimary and secondary schooldistributionhealth risk
《环境与职业医学》 2026 (5)
637-642,6
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-38)
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