生物钟调控对动物代谢节律的影响OA

Biological rhythms are endogenous periodic regulatory systems formed by terrestrial organisms during long-term evolution to adapt to the Earth's rotation and revolution,mainly including behavioral patterns such as circadian rhythms and annual rhythms.The transcription-translation feedback loop(TTFL)mechanism,elucidated by research related to the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,has laid the core theoretical foundation for analyzing the molecular regulation of biological rhythms.In mammals,the biological clock is centered in the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)of the hypothalamus and synergistically regulates the expression of rhythmic genes in peripheral tissues such as the liver,heart,and adipose tissue through light signals,neural pathways,and endocrine signals such as melatonin(MT),thereby maintaining the body's circadian rhythm homeostasis.External signals such as light,temperature,and feeding can influence the operation and phase adjustment of the biological clock system through central and peripheral synchronization mechanisms.The biological clock widely participates in the temporal metabolic processes of animal feeding,sleep,energy metabolism,reproduction,and macronutrients(glucose,lipids,and proteins)by regulating the transcriptome,hormone secretion,and key metabolic pathways.Its disruption can lead to metabolic abnormalities,cardiovascular dysfunction,decreased reproductive performance,and various metabolism-related diseases.Reasonable use of environmental interventions such as light and feeding time can optimize biological rhythms to improve animal health and production efficiency.This paper reviews the molecular basis of the biological clock,environmental regulation,synchronization mechanisms,physiological effects,and metabolic regulation,aiming to provide theoretical references for further analysis of biological rhythms and biological clock regulatory mechanisms in female animals,and to promote the application of rhythm regulation in livestock production and health fields.