含能材料前沿热点:富氮稠环化合物的结构设计与协同优化研究进展OA

The inherent conflict between high energy density and low mechanical sensitivity represents a central challenge in the field of energetic materials.Although traditional nitramine compounds such as RDX,HMX,and CL-20 have significantly en-hanced energy levels,they remain constrained by this trade-off.To explore new pathways for overcoming conventional perfor-mance limitations,researchers have proposed a strategy centered on rigid,planar fused-ring frameworks,leading to the develop-ment of nitrogen-rich fused-ring compounds.This review systematically outlines the evolution of this field,from the design of monocyclic systems(e.g.,azoles,azines,and 1,2,5-oxadiazoles)to the integrated design of binary fused-ring systems.It high-lights the conceptual design of representative molecules,key advances in synthetic methodologies—ranging from oxidative nitra-tion to controlled rearrangement reactions—and the regulatory mechanisms of intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen-bonding networks and π-π stacking on material performance.This progression illustrates a paradigm shift from empiri-cal trial-and-error to rational design and function-oriented customization.Finally,addressing the synthetic bottlenecks that con-strain practical application,this review proposes that future breakthroughs require synergistic efforts across three dimensions:de-sign,preparation,and application.This includes developing design methods that balance performance with synthetic feasibility,promoting synthetic technologies with improved safety profiles,and expanding the application scope of fused-ring energetic ma-terials,thereby facilitating the transition from molecular design to practical implementation and providing a foundation for next-generation high-performance energetic materials.