基于Hyper-seq技术的甜瓜栽培品种遗传多样性研究OA

Melon is an important horticultural crop with substantial nutritional and economic value.In this study,we integrated agronomic trait surveys with whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)genotyping data generated by Hyper-seq to systematically assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 64 melon accessions.A total of 1 193 948 high-quality SNPs were identified by Hyper-seq,and functional annotation revealed that these SNPs were predominantly enriched in intergenic regions and non-coding regions upstream and downstream of genes.Both population structure analysis and principal component analysis clearly divided the cultivars into two genetically distinct groups with divergent genetic backgrounds,and a high level of genetic differentiation was observed between the groups(FST=0.304).Phenotypic traits including single fruit weight and fruit-setting number exhibited extensive variation,with coefficient of variation(CV)values exceeding 40％.Significant differences in single fruit weight and fruit transverse diameter were detected between the two groups.The distinct binary population structure identified in this study lays a theoretical foundation for precise melon variety identification,mining of population-specific superior alleles,and targeted genetic improvement.