石窟造像不当妆彩清理工艺与效果评估研究:以四川南江石飞河摩崖造像为例OA

In recent years,improper repainting of small-and medium-sized grotto statues has frequent-ly occurred in remote areas of Sichuan Province.Taking the Shifeihe Grotto Statues in Nanjiang Coun-ty,which were improperly repainted and partially reshaped by local people in 2023,as an example,this study investigated the composition,structure,and fabrication techniques of the improper repaint-ing and reshaped layers through field investigation,sample analysis,and on-site tests in order to re-move the improper repainting and reshaped layers,which had strong covering power,poor air permea-bility,bright colors,and highly discordant appearance,and to restore the original appearance of the statues so that their authentic value could be presented.Four methods,namely physical cleaning,chemical cleaning,hot-steam cleaning,and ultrasonic vibration cleaning,were used for cleaning tests,and the cleaning effects of different methods were evaluated.The results showed that the re-painting pigments on the Shifeihe Grotto Statues were mainly acrylic synthetic pigments with a thick-ness of about 0.01-0.2 mm.The repainting was mainly applied by spraying and brushing.The sprayed pigments were uneven in thickness,had a granular surface,and showed obvious scattering at the edg-es,whereas the brushed pigments had a denser microstructure,poor water permeability,and obvious glare.The reshaping material was gypsum powder mainly composed of anhydrous calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate dihydrate,which had low hardness and interfacial gaps with the statue surface.A com-bined cleaning process using chemical cleaning as the main method for the repainting pigments and ul-trasonic vibration cleaning as the main method for the reshaped layer,supplemented by physical clean-ing and hot-steam cleaning,achieved the optimal effect without damaging the statues.This case pro-vides a reference method for the cleaning,conservation,and effect evaluation of modern improper re-painting on other grotto statues.