甜高粱种质资源在贵州的表型多样性分析与综合评价OA

[Objective]The genetic diversity characteristics of sweet sorghum germplasm resources was analyzed in Guizhou Province,and the excellent germplasm resources suitable for local ecological conditions were screened to provide a theoretical basis for breeding of new varieties with high-yield and stress-resistance and germplasm innovation in sweet sorghum.[Method]18 agronomic traits of 32 sweet sorghum germplasm resources at home and abroad Planted in Guizhou were determined.The phenotypic variation characteristics of 18 agronomic traits were evaluated by using genetic diversity index,correlation analysis,clustering analysis and PCA.The improvement potentials of 18 traits were evaluated by using broad-sense heritability and genetic advance.[Result]There were significances in genetic variation of 18 agronomic traits in 32 sweet sorghum germplsm resources under the ecological conditions in Guizhou.The variation coefficients of 18 traits ranged from 8.40%to 36.85%with the highest variation in number of tillers and the lowest in flowering days.The genetic diversity index of 18 traits ranged from 1.82 to 2.03 with the greatest genetic diversity index in length of longest primary branch,thousand-grain weight and flag leaf length.The plant height was positively and very significantly related to internode number,stem diameter,longest primary branch,panicle peduncle length,grain length,booting days and flowering days.The panicle length was positively and very significantly related to length of longest primary branch,panicle peduncle length and sheath length.The grain width was positively and very significantly related to thousand-grain weight,and negatively and very significantly related to grain length-to-width ratio.32 sweet sorghum germplasm resources were divided into 3 groups.Group Ⅰ with the advantages of plant height and stem diameter was used as high-biomass forage-type germplasm resources.Group Ⅱ with higher panicle length and primary branch number was used for improvement of panicle type.Group Ⅲ with the shortest plant height and shorter growth period was used as the parents for breeding of sweet sorghum varieties with dwarf and early-maturity.The PCA analysis showed that 18 traits were divided into 6 principal components and the accumulative contribution rate reached 86.067%.The plant type,growth period and thousand-grain weight traits were the key influence factors.The top five germplasm resources based on the comprehensive score were Chun'an sweet sorghum,Yuanqu sweet sorghum,Chongming red husk sweet sorghum,Tianxuan 45,and Roma.The genetic parameter analysis showed that the traits of plant height,booting days and flowering days had the high broad-sense heritability and obvious genetic advance.The heritability of tiller number was the lowest.[Conclusion]There is an abundant genetic diversity in 32 sweet sorghum germplasm resources.The plant height,booting days,flowering days and panicle-related traits have a strong genetic stability and can be used as key target traits for high-yield breeding of sweet sorghum varieties.Chun'an sweet sorghum,Yuanqu sweet sorghum,Chongming red husk sweet sorghum with the multiple traits synergy advantage can be used as the core parents in breeding of sweet sorghum varieties.