早熟高产春大豆干物质积累和花荚形成规律OA

To clarify the growth and development laws for high yield in early-maturing spring soybeans,a randomized block experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024 in Xinjiang using 13 early-maturing spring soybean varieties bred in Heilongjiang province as test materials,we systematically study the differences in leaf area index,photosynthetic potential,dry matter accumulation dynamics,and pod and flower number among varieties and their correlations with yield differences.The results showed that the growth period of early-maturing varieties ranged from 109 to 115 days;the yield variation range was 3 040.44 to 5 273.85 kg·ha-1.Among them,varieties Heilongjiang81,Heilongjiang91,and Suinong42 had higher yields,with the average yields of the two years being 5 085.90 to 5 208.54 kg·ha-1.Their peak leaf area index was 5.42 to 6.01,total photosynthetic potential was 313.49 to 336.25 m2·d·m-2,total dry matter accumulation was 11 003.98 to 12 051.00 kg·ha-1,grain-to-leaf ratio(grain leaf ratio)(8.63 to 9.64 mg·cm-2)and grain-to-photosynthetic potential ratio(grain potential ratio)(0.15 to 0.16 mg·cm-2·d-1),and economic coefficient(41%to 45%).The total number of flowers was 2.938 47×107 to 3.534 75×107 florets·ha-1,and the total number of pod chambers was 2.216 64×107 to 4.010 50×107 pods·ha-1.High yield of these varieties was related with their larger peak leaf area index and total photosynthetic potential during the growth period,the more dry matter accumulation,the higher economic coefficient,and the larger number of flowers and pods formed.The crude protein content of Heinong91 reached44.58%,and the crude fat content of Suinong42 was23.33%,which were high-protein and high-oil varieties respectively.This study provides a reference for high-yield cultivation of early-maturing spring soybeans.