大豆叶状荚的形态特征与转录组解析OA

Whether floral organs develop normally directly affects fruit formation and is closely related to crop yield.In this study,leaf-like pods whose pod walls are morphologically similar to leaves were observed in soybeans in Hainan Province,the morphological characteristics of leaf-like pods were observed and compared with those of normal pods and leaves.Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the leaves and pods of plants with leaf-like pods and normal plants.Principal component analysis based on gene expression levels was conducted to explore the associations of gene expression characteristics in different organs and to investigate the causes of leaf-like pod formation.The results showed that the outer side of the leaf-like pod wall was morphologically similar to the abaxial side of leaves,and the petals exhibited a tendency toward sepal-like characteristics.Leaf-like pods contained seed-like structures attached at the ventral suture,but the seeds were non-viable after maturation.Principal component analysis based on gene expression levels revealed that principal component 1 indicated leaf-like pods were more similar to pods,while principal component 2 indicated they were more similar to leaves.Analysis of soybean homologous genes previously identified as leaf-specific or pod/seed-specific showed that 29 pod/seed-specific genes were highly expressed in both leaf-like pods and normal pods but had low expression in leaves;12 pod/seed-specific genes were highly expressed only in normal pods,with low expression in both leaves and leaf-like pods.MADS-box gene such as AG,DEF,SEP,SOC,SQUA,and SVP were differentially expressed between leaf-like pods and normal pods.This study clarifies that the transcriptome of soybean leaf-like pods exhibits characteristics of both leaves and pods,and reveals variations in the expression of MADS-box genes.It is speculated that phytoplasma infection disrupts the expression of class C and E MADS-box genes caused by phytoplasma infection is the main reason for leaf-like pod formation,providing important insights for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying foliate pod development.