脱毒商薯19原种蔓头扦插越冬育苗研究OA
Study on Overwintering Seedling Cultivation of Virus-Free Shangshu 19 Original Seed Vine Tip Cuttings
为了拓宽脱毒甘薯原种的繁殖途径,提高脱毒种苗的扩繁效率,剪取商薯 19 脱毒原种植株的蔓头在日光温室内进行扦插越冬育苗,采用不同浓度的萘乙酸、钙肥、钛肥和磷酸二氢钾进行促根试验,对不同处理的单株根数、单株根质量和单条根质量进行比较;采用裂区设计,设置密度为主处理(M1:400 000株/hm2,M2:533 333株/hm2,M3:666 667 株/hm2,M4:800 000 株/hm2),以栽植处理方式为副处理(Y0:直接栽植,Y1:30 mg/L 萘乙酸溶液浸苗下端 6 cm 处 1h 后栽植,Y2:直接栽植,缓苗后叶面喷施 58.33 mg/L 水溶钙肥、30 mg/L 水溶钛肥和3 g/L 磷酸二氢钾溶液各 2 次,Y3:Y1+Y2),对不同处理下蔓头越冬后的死苗量、3 次采苗的产量(蔓尖、蔓段)和百苗质量进行比较分析.结果表明:萘乙酸、水溶钙肥、水溶钛肥和磷酸二氢钾促进越冬蔓头根系生长的最佳质量浓度分别为30、58.33、30 mg/L 和 3 g/L.Y1、Y2、Y3 均能极显著地降低越冬苗的死亡率,且 Y3 极显著地提高了蔓头越冬后 3次采苗的总产苗量;3 次采苗的总产苗量随密度增大而极显著增加,但蔓尖和蔓段的百苗质量与密度呈负相关.综合分析,30 mg/L 萘乙酸、58.33 mg/L 水溶钙肥、30 mg/L 水溶钛肥和3 g/L 磷酸二氢钾处理可促进商薯19 越冬种苗的根系生长,降低死苗率,提高产苗量,提高扦插密度可增加产苗量,但会降低百苗质量.
To expand the propagation pathways of virus-free sweet potato original seeds and improve the efficiency of virus-free seedling multiplication,vine tips of the cultivar Shangshu 19 were cut and planted in a solar greenhouse for overwintering seedling cultivation.Rooting promotion experiments were conducted using different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid(NAA),calcium fertilizer,titanium fertilizer,and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.The number of roots per plant,root weight per plant,and weight per single root were compared among treatments.A split-plot design was adopted,with planting density as the main treatment(M1:400 000 plants/hm2,M2:533 333 plants/hm2,M3:666 667 plants/hm2,M4:800 000 plants/hm2)and planting method as the sub-treatment(Y0:direct planting;Y1:dipping the lower 6 cm of seedlings in 30 mg/L NAA solution for 1 h before planting;Y2:direct planting followed by two foliar sprays each of 58.33 mg/L water-soluble calcium fertilizer,30 mg/L water-soluble titanium fertilizer,and 3 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate after seedling establishment;Y3:Y1+Y2).The number of dead seedlings after overwintering,the seedling yield(number of vine tips and vine segments)over three harvests,and the weight per 100 seedlings were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the optimal concentrations for promoting root growth of overwintering vine tips were 30 mg/L NAA,58.33 mg/L water-soluble calcium fertilizer,30 mg/L water-soluble titanium fertilizer,and 3 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Treatments Y1,Y2,and Y3 significantly reduced the mortality rate of overwintering seedlings,and Y3 significantly increased the total seedling yield over the three harvests.The total seedling yield over the three harvests increased significantly with increasing planting density,but the weight per 100 seedlings for vine tips and vine segments was negatively correlated with density.Comprehensive analysis indicates that treatment with 30 mg/L NAA,58.33 mg/L water-soluble calcium fertilizer,30 mg/L water-soluble titanium fertilizer,and 3 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotes root growth,reduces mortality,and increases seedling yield of overwintering Shangshu 19 seedlings.Increasing planting density can enhance seedling yield but reduces the weight per 100 seedlings.
陈鹏博
商洛市农业科学研究所,陕西 商洛 726000
农业科技
甘薯育苗脱毒越冬商薯19
sweet potatoseedling raisingvirus eliminationoverwinteringShangshu 19
《作物研究》 2026 (2)
147-156,10
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