中国洪水保险制度发展与对策建议OA

Flood disasters are among the most prominent natural disasters in China.With climate change and rapid socio-economic development,direct economic losses caused by flood disasters in China have shown an upward trend in recent decades.As a crucial non-structural measure for improving the national flood risk management system,flood insurance serves three core functions:risk transfer,risk reduction,and risk governance.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the development of China's flood insurance system has progressed through five stages:government-led administration,initial exploration,indirect development,diversified piloting,and accelerated promotion.Currently,China has initially established a flood insurance system comprising government-purchased,government-subsidized,and purely market-driven modes.However,during recent severe flood events,total insurance payouts cover only about 10％of direct economic losses,presenting a characteristic of"abundant product types but insufficient protection adequacy".Therefore,it is recommended that China further refine its flood insurance risk diversification mechanisms by leveraging broader spatial scopes and capital markets to spread flood risk;enhance the level of flood disaster loss assessment,establish fundamental databases and sharing mechanisms,and scientifically quantify the impacts of climate change and human activities on flood losses;it is also necessary to emphasize the risk governance function of flood insurance and strengthen its role in promoting the high-quality socio-economic development of high-risk flood areas and in optimizing flood operation.