多维协同视角下防洪标准实施效果评估OA
Evaluation on implementation effect of Standard for Flood Control(GB 50201)from a multi-dimensional collaborative perspective
标准实施效果评估是标准全生命周期管理的必要环节与行业高质量发展的重要支撑.水利技术标准《防洪标准》(GB 50201)作为基础性国家标准,其实施效果评估尚未形成系统规范的方法体系,评估维度、指标体系与实施路径尚未构建.本文立足标准生命周期、标准服务对象、标准服务事项三维协同视角,结合水利行业技术特点,采用德尔菲法、排序法、层次分析法、模糊综合评价法等评估方法,构建包含标准技术内容、实施情况、综合效益3大模块13项指标的实施效果评估体系,明确评估流程、权重测算方法与等级划分规则.以《防洪标准》(GB 50201)为研究对象开展实证评估,结果显示:标准总体实施效果得分93.22分,评价等级为优秀;技术内容、实施情况、综合效益指标得分均高于93分,在全国不同流域典型工程中应用效果良好.同时评估明确指出标准存在新型防护对象覆盖不足、应对极端情景条款偏弱、生态防洪要求滞后、区域差异化不足、部分指标可操作性不强等具体问题.本文构建的评估体系可为《防洪标准》(GB 50201)修订完善提供依据,也可为其他水利技术标准实施效果评价提供方法借鉴与技术参考.
Evaluation of the implementation effect of standards is an important support for the whole-life-cycle management of standards and the high-quality development of the industry.As a basic national standard among water technical standards,the Standard for Flood Control(GB 50201)has not yet developed a systematic and standardized methodology for evaluating its implementation effect,and the evaluation dimensions,index system,and implementation path still need to be improved.Based on the three-dimensional collaborative perspective of standard life cycle,standard-related subjects,and standard service items,combined with the technical characteristics of the water conservancy industry,this paper constructed an implementation effect evaluation system using methods such as the Delphi method,ranking method,analytic hierarchy process,and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The system consists of three modules,namely standard technical content,implementation status,and comprehensive benefits,comprising 13 indicators.It defined the evaluation process,weight calculation method,and grade classification rules.An empirical evaluation was conducted using the Standard for Flood Control(GB 50201)as the research object.The results show that the overall implementation effect score of the standard is 93.22,and the evaluation grade is excellent.The scores of technical content,implementation status,and comprehensive benefits are all higher than 93,and the application effect is good in typical projects in different river basins.The evaluation also clearly identified specific issues of the standard,including insufficient coverage of new protection objects,weak provisions for extreme scenarios,lagging requirements for ecological flood control,lack of regional differentiation,and poor operability of some indicators.The evaluation system constructed in this paper can provide a basis for the revision and improvement of the Standard for Flood Control(GB 50201)and can also serve as a methodological reference and technical reference for evaluating the implementation effectiveness of other water conservancy technical standards.
刘娟;刘洋;刘洪飞;杨航;黄玉上
黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,450003,郑州水利部水利水电规划设计总院,100088,北京水利部水利水电规划设计总院,100088,北京黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,450003,郑州黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,450003,郑州
建筑与水利
防洪标准实施效果多维评估全生命周期指标体系水利技术标准
standard for flood controlimplementation effectmulti-dimensional evaluationwhole life cycleindex systemtechnical standard of water conservancy
《中国水利》 2026 (11)
16-23,8
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204305).
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