双特异性抗体在免疫诊断和治疗中的应用OA

Bispecific antibody(BsAb),as a major breakthrough in antibody engineering,have demonstrated revolutionary potential in disease treatment in recent years.Unlike traditional monoclonal antibody(mAb),which can recognize only a single antigenic epitope,BsAb is capable of simultaneously binding to two different antigens or multiple epitopes on the same antigen.Through synergistic interactions,BsAb possess diverse biological functions,enabling more precise diagnosis and therapy.To date,various BsAb formats have been developed,each exhibiting unique structural and functional properties to address diverse practical needs.This review systematically summarizes the structural classifications of BsAb(e.g.,antibody fragment type and full-length antibody type)and construction strategies(e.g.,CrossMab,BiTE,DuoBody),with a particular focus on their applications in cancer immunotherapy,viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and influenza virus,as well as the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases.Furthermore,the challenges faced by BsAb—such as stability,production cost,and clinical translation—are discussed,along with future development directions,including AI-assisted design,novel delivery system development,and mRNA-encoded antibody technologies.These insights provide valuable theoretical references for further research and clinical application of BsAb.