四川省2～5岁儿童膳食模式与营养状况关联研究OA

[Objective]To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and nutritional status of preschool children,and to provide a scientific basis for targeted dietary guidance and education.[Method]Dietary pattern was established by exploratory factor analysis,and each subject was classified according to the dietary pattern with the highest factor score.The differences in nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years with different dietary patterns were analyzed.Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 19.0.Differences in propor-tions were evaluated using the chi-square test,while trends were assessed using the trend chi-square test.[Result]The rates of growth retardation,underweight,wasting,anemia,overweight and obesity were 4.60％,2.57％,1.42％,15.72％,4.47％and 1.69％among children aged 2-5 years in 14 areas of Sichuan province.Four dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis(cumulative variance contribution rate was 45.94％),which were meat products and aquatic products type(40.87％),vegetarian preference type(22.26％),milk non-staple food type(18.13％)and pickles snack type(18.74％).There was a significant difference between growth retardation(χ2=11.463,P=0.009)and anemia(χ2=9.097,P=0.028)in different dietary patterns.The nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years under different dietary pattern factor scores quantile were analyzed.The prevalence of anemia decreased with the increase of factor scores in the dietary pattern of milk and non-staple food(χ2=9.883,P=0.002).[Conclusion]The dietary pattern of preschool children in Sichuan is correlated with growth retardation and anemia,among which the dietary pattern of milk non-staple food type is negatively correlated with the rate of anemia.It is suggested that a balanced diet should be used to ensure the nutritional needs of children.Ensure reasonable intake of animal food and fresh vegetables to prevent anemia.