阻燃聚酰胺纤维研究进展OA

Polyamide fibers have been extensively utilized in numerous fields such as apparel,transportation,and electrical/electronic appliances due to their excellent mechanical properties,wear resistance and high-temperature tolerance.Consequently,they have emerged as a research hotspot in polymer fiber materials.However,their inherent flammability,accompanied by dripping and toxic gas emission during combustion,poses significant fire hazards and restricts their application in safety-sensitive fields.Therefore,improving the flame retardancy of polyamide fibers to meet increasingly stringent safety standards and functional requirements has become a critical research direction. Currently,three main strategies are employed for flame-retardant modification:copolymerization,blending and in-situ polymerization.Copolymerization introduces flame-retardant units via covalent bonds,offering long-lasting effects but potentially compromising mechanical properties.Blending is a mature process with controllable costs,but it faces challenges regarding dispersion and compatibility.In-situ polymerization combines the advantages of uniform dispersion and simplified processing.In general,halogen-free and environmentally friendly flame-retardant systems have gradually replaced traditional halogen-based flame retardants as the mainstream research focus due to their eco-friendliness and high efficiency.Through the synergy of multiple mechanisms in both the gas and condensed phases,these systems aim to enhance flame retardancy while balancing the mechanical and processing properties of the materials. Current research hotspots focus on the molecular design and multi-functionalization of new flame retardants,the construction of multi-element synergistic systems,and the application of advanced technologies such as nanocomposites.Through innovative processes including supramolecular self-assembly,reactive extrusion,and core-shell structure design,the dispersion state and interfacial interactions of flame retardants within the matrix can be further optimized,thereby improving the overall performance of the fibers.Future research should focus on the development of green flame-retardant monomers,in-depth analysis of synergistic mechanisms,and optimization of processing technologies.Ultimately,the goal is to achieve the integrated regulation of flame retardancy,mechanical properties,and additional functionalities to promote the large-scale application of these fibers in high-end fields.