基于DUS测试性状与ISSR标记的菊芋种质资源综合评价OA

To elucidate the genetic diversity characteristics of Helianthus tuberosus L.germplasm re-sources,identify superior alleles,and screen breeding materials,this study conducted a comprehen-sive analysis based on DUS test traits and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)molecular markers.A total of 40 sexually propagated and 7 asexually propagated germplasm accessions were systematically evaluated for phenotypic traits,genetic diversity,and marker-trait associations,with the aim of pro-viding a theoretical foundation for marker-assisted breeding of Helianthus tuberosus L.The results showed that the coefficients of variation for five phenotypic traits ranged from 15.18%to 138.36%.Tuber volume per plant and tuber mass per plant exhibited a highly significant positive correlation(P<0.01).Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance(approximately 0.735 6)grouped the acces-sions into two major categories(A and B),which differed markedly in tuber volume and mass per plant.Using 20 ISSR primers,179 bands were amplified,of which 178 were polymorphic,resulting in a polymo-rphic percentage(PPB)of 99%.Analysis with Popgene 32 revealed an average number of al-leles of 1.990 0,an average effective number of alleles of 1.539 4,and an average Nei's gene diversity index of 0.322 8,and an average Shannon's infor-mation index of 0.490 6.The genetic similarity coef-ficient among accessions ranged from 0.514 0 to 0.910 6,with an average of 0.682 1.UPGMA cluste-ring and population structure analysis divided the germplasm into three subgroups(K=3),demon-strating significant genetic differentiation and providing a structural framework for association analy-sis.Based on the GLM model,62 loci were detected to be highly significantly associated(P<0.01)with phenotypic traits,with phenotypic variation explained ranging from 12.78%to 57.80%.Using the MLM model,7 loci were identified(P<0.01),explaining 13.46%to 21.14%of the variation.By integrating phenotypic and molecular marker analyses,two high-yielding accessions(Qingyu No.8 and 2024JA-S23),three forage-type accessions(2024JA-S05-1,2024JA-S07,and 2024JA-S08),and one ecolo-gical-type accession(2024-2)were selected.These results provide both theoretical support and core germplasm resources for molecular breeding and multi-purpose industrial utilization of Heli-anthus tuberosus L.