微生物菌剂对不同品种小麦产量、品质及土壤微生物群落的影响OA

To clarify the regulatory effects of microbial inoculants on wheat yield,quality,and soil microorganisms,this study used varieties'Yannong 999'and'Huaimai 43'as experimental materials and established three treatments:control without inoculant(Z0),inoculation with Azospirillum(Z1),and inoculation with Bacillus subtilis(Z2).Field experiments were conducted to systematically determine wheat yield and its components,grain quality indicators,soil physicochemical properties,soil enzyme activities,and soil bacterial community structure using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that inoculation with Azospirillum and Bacillus subtilis enhanced wheat yield and quality,with the Z2 treatment producing the most pronounced effects.Compared with Z0,the Z2 increased the average yield of the two wheat varieties by 745 kg·hm-2,an increase of 16.14%,Z2 also increased protein and wet gluten contents in YN999 by 18.91%and 17.89%,re-spectively,and in HM43 by 18.42%and 5.82%,respectively.The Z1 treatment resulted in the high-est alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content and urease activity,with average increases of 7.23%and 11.32%,respectively,and the enhancement was greater in'Huaimai 43'than in'Yannong 999'.The Z2 treatment led to the highest available phosphorus and potassium contents,as well as sucrose enzyme and catalase activities,with average increases of 26.64%,32.61%,7.06%,and 11.34%,re-spectively,and the improvements were more evident in HM43.16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that,compared with Z0,both Z1 and Z2 significantly increased the Chao1 and Shannon indices.Z1 significantly increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,whereas Z2 signifi-cantly increased those of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria.Correlation analysis indicated that the rela-tive abundance of Acidobacteria was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus con-tent(P<0.05),while available potassium and available phosphorus contents were significantly posi-tively correlated with yield and quality(P<0.05).In conclusion,the Z2 treatment demonstrates the optimal effects,primarily by increasing the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi,enhancing urease and sucrose enzyme activities,and improving available phosphorus and available po-tassium contents,thereby significantly enhancing wheat yield and quality.