健全新型举国体制的历史经验、现状分析与发展路径OACHSSCD

Improving the new-type whole-nation system is a key institutional arrangement for achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology and building a world power in scientific and technological innovation.This system inherits the core historical experience of China's traditional system—"concentrating resources to accomplish major undertakings"—while forming distinct characteristics in governance subjects,resource allocation,R&D models,and value orientation.These features include the"government-market-society"multi-stakeholder collaboration,integration into the market economy,and adherence to open innovation.Currently,the new-type whole-nation system faces practical bottlenecks such as insufficient investment in basic research,barriers to cross-stakeholder collaboration,a shortage of high-end talent,and lagging ethical risk prevention.It is imperative to base efforts on historical practice and respond to the requirements of the times by taking targeted measures in terms of collaborative mechanism innovation,optimal resource allocation,talent highland construction,and risk control system improvement.By doing so,a closed-loop governance system can be constructed,providing a solid institutional guarantee for comprehensively advancing self-reliance in science and technology and realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.