秸秆(绿肥)还田方式对籽粒玉米+鲜食玉米+苜蓿周年种植系统土壤理化性质的影响OA
Effects of straw(green manure)returning method on soil physicochemical properties of grain maize+fresh maize+alfalfa anniversary planting system
为探索国土整治后的红壤旱地粮食生产可持续发展模式,根据当地气候、土壤和种植习惯,提出籽粒玉米+鲜食玉米+苜蓿周年种植模式.设置了籽粒玉米、鲜食玉米秸秆与苜蓿全部带走(CK),籽粒玉米和鲜食玉米秸秆还田、苜蓿带走(T1),籽粒玉米、鲜食玉米秸秆与苜蓿全部还田(T2)3个处理.结果表明,相较于CK处理,T1和T2处理能一定程度上提高土壤pH值,显著提高土壤有机质含量,且随着还田时间增长,提升效果更为明显.与2022年相比,2025年T2、T1、CK处理土壤pH值分别提升3.78％、2.77％、2.45％;土壤有机质含量分别提升11.11％(P=0.00)、7.28％(P=0.00)、3.60％(P=0.08).与CK处理相比,连续3年T2处理可显著提高土壤全量和速效氮、磷、钾含量,而T1处理可显著提高土壤全量氮、磷、钾,但速效氮、磷、钾提升不显著.与2022年相比,2025年在土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量上,T2处理分别显著提升 44.14％、110.34％、32.49％和 13.90％、23.52％、9.75％(P＜0.05);T1 处理分别显著提升 34.06％、103.45％、25.79％和 10.37％、13.02％、4.05％(P＜0.05);CK 处理分别提升 12.86％、55.56％、12.32％和 7.25％、1.56％、2.08％,其中土壤全量氮、磷、钾和土壤碱解氮含量差异达显著水平(P＜0.05).长期T2和T1处理均可降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,且秸秆还田量越大,效果越明显.与2022年相比,2025年T2、T1、CK处理土壤容重分别降低 26.41％(P=0.00)、22.20％(P=0.02)、9.71％(P=0.10);土壤孔隙度分别增加 30.34％(P=0.00)、13.41％(P=0.01)、10.92(P=0.02).总体来看,在籽粒玉米+鲜食玉米+苜蓿周年种植模式下,秸秆全部还田可最大程度改善土壤结构,提高土壤氮、磷、钾含量,增强土壤可耕性.
In order to explore the sustainable development mode of grain production in red soil dry land after land consolidation,according to the local climate,soil and planting habits,the anniversary planting mode of grain maize+fresh maize+alfalfa was put forward.Three treatments were set up:grain maize and fresh maize straw and alfalfa were all taken away(CK),grain maize and fresh maize straw were returned to the field,alfalfa was taken away(T1),grain maize and fresh maize straw and alfalfa were all returned to the field(T2).The results showed that compared with CK treatment,T1 and T2 treatments slightly increased soil pH value and significantly increased soil organic matter content,and the improvement effect was more obvious with the increase of returning time.Compared with 2022,the soil pH values of T2,T1 and CK treatments increased by 3.78％,2.77％and 2.45％,respectively,in 2025.The soil organic matter content increased by 11.11％(P=0.00),7.28％(P=0.00)and 3.60％(P=0.08),respectively.Compared with CK treatment,T2 treatment significantly increased soil total and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content for three consecutive years,while T1 treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium content,but the increase of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium was not significant.Compared with 2022,T2 treatment significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium by 44.14％,110.34％,32.49％and 13.90％,23.52％,9.75％,respectively in 2025(P＜0.05);T1 treatment significantly increased by 34.06％,103.45％,25.77％and 10.37％,13.02％,4.05％,respectively(P＜0.05);The CK treatment increased by 12.86％,55.56％,12.32％and 7.25％,1.56％,2.08％,respectively,among which the difference of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content were significant.Compared to 2022,in 2025,the bulk density of soil treated with T2,T1,and CK treatment decreased by 26.41％(P=0.00),22.20％(P=0.02),and 9.71％(P=0.10),respectively;while the soil porosity increased by 30.34％(P=0.00),13.41％(P=0.01),and 10.92％(P=0.02),respectively.In general,under the anniversary planting mode of grain maize+fresh maize+alfalfa,all straw returning to the field could improve the soil structure to the greatest extent,increase the soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content,and enhance the soil cultivability.
陈小明;骆鹰;唐利忠;雷干农;蒋艺;吴岳庭;欧阳娟;徐三玲;曾夏雨;刘佳婧
湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院,湖南 永州 425100湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院,湖南 永州 425100永州市农业科学研究所,湖南 永州 425100永州市农业科学研究所,湖南 永州 425100永州市农业科学研究所,湖南 永州 425100永州市农业科学研究所,湖南 永州 425100宁远县农业农村局,湖南 宁远 425600宁远县农业农村局,湖南 宁远 425600宁远县农业农村局,湖南 宁远 425600宁远县农业农村局,湖南 宁远 425600
玉米周年种植模式秸秆还田土壤理化性质
maizeanniversary planting modestraw returningsoilphysicochemical properties
《中国土壤与肥料》 2026 (4)
53-59,7
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ50416)湖南省现代农业发展专项(湘财农指[2024]54号).
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