基于当地居民视角的生态系统服务供需空间匹配性及驱动因素研究OACHSSCD

The supply-demand matching of ecosystem services(ES)is a crucial basis for exploring the essence and root causes of ecosystem degradation.The matching of ecosystem service supply and demand presents significant spatial heterogeneity.This pattern is shaped by the combined effects of natural environmental conditions and socio-economic factors.Identifying the spatial matching patterns and driving factors of ES supply and demand is of great importance for promoting regional sustainable development.This study takes the Wolong National Nature Reserve as the research area and adopts the perspective of local community residents to explore ES.By employing a combination of analytical tool,such as the MaxEnt model,ArcGIS,GeoDa,and the geographical detector,it systematically analyzes the spatial distribution patterns of ES supply and demand.Furthermore,it also reveals the spatial matching characteristics between ES supply and demand,as well as the key environmental and socio-economic driving factors for the supply-demand ratio.The results show that the supply and demand related to the five types of ES exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity.Fresh water and soil fertility are in a state of deficit near residential areas,reflecting that the capacity of local ES is lower than the level of demand from residents.While traditional crops,soil conservation,and tourism and recreation services are in a state of surplus,suggesting an excess in supply compared to the demand from local residents.The supply and demand matching of the five types of ES exhibits spatial clustering characteristics.It is mainly characterized by low supply-low demand areas,followed by high supply-high demand areas,the latter of which are mainly concentrated around residential areas.Distance and altitude have been identified as two of the most influential environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of ES supply-demand ratios.The distance factors include distance to water,distance to roads,and distance to residential area.Moreover,the interaction between these two factors has a stronger impact than either factor alone.This reflects that the spatial patterns of ES supply and demand are not primarily driven by individual environmental factors,but rather by the synergistic interactions among multiple environmental factors.The results indicate that the differences in spatial matching of ES supply and demand arise from the spatial distribution of ES supply and the difference in residents' accessibility within the study area,and these underlying differences ultimately influence how local residents perceive and evaluate the balance between ES supply and demand.In reserve management,a range of strategies can be adopted to enhance the precision and effectiveness of policy formulation and the implementation of ecological restoration projects.These strategies include zoning management,improving infrastructure in response to the livelihood needs of local residents,and promoting the balanced development within the reserve.These measures can help the conservation efforts more focused and better suited to the local needs and conditions.By taking targeted and practical intervention measures,it is possible to achieve both biodiversity conservation and local community well-being improvement,helping to strike a balance between environmental protection and human development.