四川白河国家级自然保护区川金丝猴与野猪时空生态分化OA

Spatiotemporal niche differentiation plays a crucial role in shaping resource utilization and survival strategies of endangered species coexisting with sympatric species.To explore these patterns between golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)and wild boars(Sus scrofa)in the Baihe National Nature Reserve,Sichuan,we conducted con-tinuous monitoring using 80 infrared camera traps arranged in a 500 m × 500 m grid from June 2022 to May 2023.Over the monitoring period,a total of 25 818 effective camera trap days were recorded,yielding 544 independent and valid photographic detections of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys and 770 detections of wild boars.Our results revealed a high degree of temporal overlap in daily activity(Δ4 ≥ 0.724),yet significant differences in activity patterns were ob-served across spring,autumn,and winter(P ≤ 0.011).Seasonal activity intensity on the ground varied markedly:wild boars were more active during summer(16.3％vs.5.7％,P＜0.001),whereas monkeys exhibited higher activity in win-ter(20.5％vs.29.2％,P=0.001).Spatially,their 95％kernel density ranges showed extensive overlap,nearly encom-passing the wild boar's distribution(≥ 88.9％),but overlap within the 50％core areas decreased significantly,reaching the lowest level in winter(23.8％).Golden snub-nosed monkeys generally occupied higher elevations compared to wild boars,except during summer(P＜0.001).Multi-species occupancy models indicated consistently low probabilities of wild boar-exclusive occupancy(≤ 16.44％),higher probabilities of monkey-exclusive occupancy(≥ 26.60％),and sub-stantial co-occupancy across all seasons(≥ 40.85％).The probabilities of wild boar exclusivity and co-occurrence exhib-ited seasonal variation,influenced by factors such as distance to settlements,elevation,and slope.Collectively,these findings highlight distinct spatiotemporal niche partitioning between golden snub-nosed monkeys and wild boars,which may mitigate interspecific competition and provide critical insights for the conservation management of endangered spe-cies in sympatric systems.