异化与超越:从慈善资本主义到慈善社会主义OA

Amid the ongoing advance of globalisation and marketisation,the ethical legitimacy of philanthrocapitalism,as well as of what this article terms"philanthrosocialism,"calls for closer examination.Using Herbert Spencer's three-tier ethical sequence of justice,negative beneficence,and positive beneficence as a meta-theoretical framework,this article systematically compares these two institutional forms.The study finds that,owing to its underlying capital logic,philanthrocapitalism,at the level of justice,subordinates the priority of rights to utility maximisation;at the level of negative beneficence,it replaces prudent restraint with radical intervention;and at the level of positive beneficence,it dissolves pure sympathy into instrumental rationality,thereby exhibiting a pattern of systematic ethical alienation.By contrast,through institutional and cultural development,"philanthrosocialism"upholds a rights-based orientation at the level of justice,practises prudential ethics at the level of negative beneficence,and cultivates pure altruism at the level of positive beneficence,thus demonstrating a systematic transcendence of philanthrocapitalism.The fundamental divide between the two lies in whether they adhere to the proper ethical order at the meta-ethical level.This study not only provides an ethical justification for the high-quality development of modern philanthropy with Chinese characteristics,but also offers an important theoretical reference for paradigm choice in global philanthropic governance.