嵌入与脱嵌:中国社区慈善发展的历史逻辑OA

Community philanthropy responds to both private and public needs within the community.Rooted in the community as its practical arena,it is profoundly shaped by social and cultural factors and thus exhibits distinct characteristics of different historical periods.By introducing the concept of embeddedness and combining it with institutional analysis,this article examines the developmental trajectory and evolutionary logic of community philanthropy in China.It argues that community philanthropy has undergone a dynamic process comprising endogenous embeddedness in the traditional period,disembeddedness and decline from the modern period through the planned-economy period,and exogenously driven re-embeddedness in the contemporary era.Through the tension among embeddedness,disembeddedness,and re-embeddedness,it has achieved a transformation from traditional to modern forms.Mutual assistance,as the cultural foundation and core bond of community philanthropy,runs through its different stages of development.In interaction with changing institutional environments,community philanthropy centred on mutual assistance has developed differentiated forms of embeddedness,accompanied by varying costs of institutional change.Looking ahead,the development of community philanthropy should seek to remedy the shortcomings of traditional community philanthropy and enhance the adaptability of modern community philanthropy,while also preserving the cultural resilience of traditional philanthropy,minimising the costs of institutional change,and promoting the high-quality development of modern community philanthropy.