FAO/IAEA食品蛋白质与氨基酸回肠消化率数据库建设进展及应用前景OA

In the context of global population growth,escalating climate change,and profound dietary transitions,establishing a precise and reliable protein nutrition evaluation system has become a central scientific imperative for ensuring global food security and promoting public health.The"Database on Ileal Digestibility of Protein and Amino Acids in Foods Consumed by Humans,"a flagship initiative jointly led by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)and the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA),aims to construct the world's first standardized,scalable,and open-access core data platform for protein digestibility.This initiative is designed to systematically address the critical data bottlenecks preventing the digestible indispensable amino acid score(DIAAS)methodology from transitioning from theory to widespread practice.This article reviews the background and development process of the database,tracing the complete evolutionary pathway from consensus-building at the 2022 Vienna meeting,through the establishment of the technical framework at the 2024 Paris meeting,to the continuous advancement of database work in 2025.It elaborates on the multi-tiered methodological inclusion criteria adopted by the database(encompassing gold-standard methods such as human ileostomy and dual-isotope tracer techniques,the pig model as the best predictor,and in vitro digestion models validated against in vivo data).The article introduces the database structure,core variable systems(covering modules for food description,protein quantification,amino acid profiles,true ileal digestibility,and calculated DIAAS values),and its rigorous quality control framework.Furthermore,it explores the significant application prospects of the database in areas such as evidence-based nutrition policy formulation(e.g.,revising dietary guidelines,innovating food labeling),informed decision-making for sustainable dietary transitions,evaluation and development of novel protein sources,and filling critical protein quality data gaps in low-and middle-income countries.The completion and open access of this database will propel global protein nutrition evaluation into a new era driven by high-quality data,global collaborative innovation,and application,thereby providing scientific support for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.