食品蛋白质营养与可持续供给研究进展OA

Dietary protein is the primary source of nitrogen and essential amino acids for the human body.Its nutritional quality and sustainable supply are directly related to public health and global food security.This review systematically summarizes research progress in food protein nutrition and sustainable supply,covering the nutritional classification and physiological functions of proteins and amino acids,protein and essential amino acid requirements across different populations,the evolution of protein quality evaluation methods(from PDCAAS to DIAAS),and the progress in the development of the FAO/IAEA global database on ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in foods consumed by humans.The article further analyzes challenges in sustainable protein supply,compares the health outcomes and environmental impacts of animal-and plant-based proteins,and discusses the potential applications of amino acid restriction in metabolic regulation and healthy aging.Current studies indicate significant differences in amino acid requirements among populations of different ages,physiological conditions,and disease states,highlighting the urgent need to establish a precise requirements database for the Chinese population.Although modern evaluation systems such as DIAAS are more scientifically advanced,they have yet to fully incorporate health outcomes and environmental footprints.The FAO/IAEA global ileal digestibility database is expected to provide critical data support for standardized protein quality assessment.Future efforts should focus on:establishing an indispensable amino acids requirement standard and protein quality evaluation system tailored to China's national conditions;deepening research on the nutritional advantages of grain proteins and the optimization of dietary structures;developing high-throughput protein quality assessment technologies based on dynamic in vitro simulation;and integrating nutritional health,resource and environmental,and socio-economic objectives to build a sustainable protein supply system,thereby contributing to the realization of Healthy China and global sustainable development goals.