显微根尖手术中的软组织处理考量OA

With the development of microsurgical endodontic techniques,their clinical application is gradually ex-panding.As a critical component,soft tissue management significantly affects surgical outcomes,especially because many cases involve the aesthetic zone of anterior teeth.Balancing aesthetic and functional restorations aligns with mo-dern dental principles.In this article,the key points in soft tissue management during microsurgical endodontics were systematically outlined,covering flap design principles,preoperative assessment,operative techniques,and the manage-ment of a particularly challenging issue,that is,chronic periapical lesions combined with soft tissue fenestration.This work aims to enhance clinicians'understanding of soft tissue handling in microsurgical endodontics and improve clinical treatment standards.