水产动物抗菌肽重组表达与作用机制研究进展OA

With the increasing intensification of aquaculture,bacterial,viral,and fungal diseases in aquatic animals have become increasingly prevalent.The long-term use of traditional antibiotics has led to problems such as antimicrobial resistance,drug residues,and ecological risks,prompting growing interest in the development of novel anti-infective alternatives.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are important effector molecules of the innate im-mune system of aquatic animals and are characterized by broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity,diverse mechanisms of action,and a relatively low risk of inducing drug resistance.In recent years,extensive studies have been conducted on the structural characteristics,biological functions,and evolutionary diversity of antimicrobial peptides derived from aquatic animals,including fish,crustaceans,and mollusks,and their roles in disease pre-vention and immune regulation have been progressively elucidated.Meanwhile,advances in molecular biology and bioengineering have led to continuous improvements in recombinant expression systems for antimicrobial peptides,providing a technical basis for large-scale production and practical applications.This review summarizes the major types and biological functions of antimicrobial peptides in aquatic animals,outlines recent progress in their recombi-nant expression using different heterologous expression systems,and discusses their mechanisms of action,including direct antibacterial activity,immunomodulatory effects,as well as antiviral and antifungal activities,with the aim of providing a reference for further research and application of antimicrobial peptides in aquaculture.