正向遗传学筛选在动物病原真菌基因功能解析与降毒改良中的应用研究进展OA

This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms of action of forward genetics screening methods,including ultraviolet mutagenesis,chemical mutagenesis,Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation,and transposon-mediated random insertion mutagenesis,and specifically summarizes their applications in gene function analysis of animal pathogenic fungi,mycotoxin degrada-tion,and strain improvement.By comparing the advantages and limitations of different techniques,this review reveals the current shortcomings in mutagenesis efficiency,controllability of mutation loci,high-throughput screening systems,as well as the coverage and representativeness of mutant libraries.Future research should focus on developing efficient and targeted mutagenesis techniques,precise screening strategies,and deepend the integration of multi-omics technologies in the phenotypic analy-sis of mutants.These researches will advance the systematic elucidation of gene functions,enhance the efficient degradation of mycotoxins,and provide robust technical foundation for controlling animal fungal diseases and optimizing industrial and agricultural fungal strains.