新业态劳动者的养老保险参保困境原因探析及解决方案测算OACHSSCD

With the rapid development of the digital economy,workers in new forms of employment have gradually become an important part of the labor market.However,this group generally faces the lack of social security,especially the dilemma of old-age insurance participation.Based on labor market segmentation theory,this study analyzes the"high burden or low protection"choice dilemma faced by workers in new forms of employment in old-age insurance participation and its causes.By measuring pension replacement rate,payback period,and return on investment,the study finds that workers in new forms of employment who participate in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents have fast payback and high returns,but low pension replacement rate and low protection level.If they choose to participate in the basic old-age insurance for urban employees as flexible employees,they need to bear all costs alone,which creates economic pressure and leads to easy"dropout"or"interruption".Unlike traditional flexible workers who"choose independently",workers in new forms of employment are more dependent on platforms,and the"high burden or low protection"dilemma is essentially a structural pressure caused by the absence of platform responsibility.The study suggests constructing a"four-party collaborative co-insurance"scheme involving platforms,government,workers,and insurance companies,providing a reference path for improving the old-age insurance system for workers in new forms of employment.