水产病原新兴检测方法研究进展OA

The development of the intensive aquaculture industry has induced a large number of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.Traditional detection methods are difficult to meet the demands for dis-ease prevention and control due to limitations,such as time-consumption procedures and low sensitivity.Over the past decade,molecular diagnostic techniques have become the core methods for pathogens detection.PCR-derived technologies(qPCR,digital PCR,etc.),isothermal amplification technologies(LAMP,RPA),and e-merging tools such as CRISPR/Cas12a have enabled new test goals,from qualitative to quantitative detection and from laboratory-based to on-site detection.PCR technology laid the foundation for nucleic acid testing,while digital PCR has become the gold standard for low-abundance pathogens due to its absolute quantification capabilities.LAMP and RPA require simple equipment as well as reducing the detection time to 20-60 minutes.The combination of CRISPR/Cas12a and isothermal amplification technologies has enhanced the detection sen-sitivity to the single-copy level,enabling visual readout.Emerging technologies such as microfluidic chips and biosensors have enabled multi-pathogen detection and advanced the accuracy of on-site detection.Immunologi-cal methods such as ELISA play a complementary role in serological surveillance.This review summarised the principles,application cases and performance parameters of the above methods,discussed the challenges of a-quatic pathogen detection,such as lack of standardization and anti-interference ability.We also looked forward to the combinations of multi-technology,intelligent integration and industrialization promotion,which aimed to improve the prevention and control of aquatic diseases,moreover,contribute to the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.