水产品氨基脲内外源性来源残留风险及检测鉴别技术研究OA

Semicarbazide(SEM)serves as the metabolic marker for the banned veterinary drug nitrofurazone(NFZ)in aquatic product safety regulation.However,the presence of endogenous background levels in crusta-ceans and formation induced by processing pose significant challenges for regulatory determination.The physi-cochemical properties and toxicological characteristics of SEM were systematically reviewed,alongside an eluci-dation of the complex sources in aquatic products.Formation pathways were analysed,covering exogenous con-ditions such as water pollution and illegal drug use,endogenous mechanisms involving crustacean metabolism,and reactions with disinfectants or additives during processing.Based on a comprehensive survey of SEM resi-due status,dietary intake risks were evaluated using the Margin of Exposure(MOE)approach.To address the"false positive"regulatory dilemma,advanced technologies for differentiating endogenous from exogenous SEM were critically evaluated,including source tracing via Compound-Specific Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis(NSIRA),confirmation using the specific structural marker 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde,and novel non-derivatisati-on/non-hydrolysis detection strategies based on Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography(HILIC).Fi-nally,perspectives on constructing a multi-dimensional precision traceability system and optimising current limit standards are proposed to provide a scientific basis for balancing aquatic product safety and international trade facilitation.