皖南山区羊肚菌—黑糯玉米轮作高效栽培技术OA
High efficient cultivation technology of rotation Morchella and black waxy maize in the mountains area of Southern Anhui Province
本文基于2022-2025年连续4年的羊肚菌与黑糯玉米轮作栽培实践,分析该栽培模式的轮作期安排、羊肚菌栽培技术、茬口阶段处理及黑糯玉米栽培等关键技术环节,总结出一套适宜皖南山区的羊肚菌—黑糯玉米高效栽培模式.该模式中,羊肚菌生长期安排在11月至次年3月,黑糯玉米生长期安排在4-7月.羊肚菌栽培选用六妹羊肚菌或梯棱羊肚菌品种,经破袋成块、喷洒0.1%磷酸二氢钾后条播,用量200 kg/667 m²,覆膜保湿;播种10 d后放置外源营养袋(3 000只/667 m²),出菇前控温遮光,约60 d后通过通风和浇催菇水刺激原基形成;出菇后调节棚温12～20℃,避免冷风直吹;3月中下旬子实体成熟时,用小刀近地面切割采收.茬口期应对大棚设施、畦床与土壤等进行调整和处理,以满足下一阶段黑糯玉米的生长需求.黑糯玉米栽培选择株型矮小、抗病性强的珍珠糯28作为主栽品种,种植密度3 500穴/667 m2,出苗后及时查苗补苗、中耕除蘖打杈,穗期及花粒期加强水肥管理,灌浆后期注意除草和病虫害防治,于吐丝后22～28 d适时采收.连续4年生产实践表明,该轮作模式可实现羊肚菌产量600 kg/667 m²以上、净收入27 000元/667 m²,黑糯玉米产量1 100 kg/667 m²、净收入5 900元/667 m²,显著提高了大棚利用率和种植效益.该轮作模式为生态相似地区推广应用羊肚菌—黑糯玉米(或其他矮秆玉米)轮作生产模式提供参考.
Based on four consecutive years(2022-2025)of rotational production practice of Morchella and black waxy maize,a set of efficient cultivation techniques suitable for the Morchella-black waxy maize rotation in the mountainous area in southern Anhui was summarized.The optimal rotation schedule arranges Morchella growth from November to March and black waxy maize growth from April to July.For the cultivation of Morchella,Morchella sextelata or Morchella importuna are selected.The spawn is broken into blocks,sprayed with 0.1%potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,and sown in rows at a rate of 200 kg/667 m²,followed by film mulching for moisture retention.Ten days after sowing,external nutrient bags(3 000 bags/667 m²)are placed.Before fruiting,temperature is controlled and light is reduced;after about 60 days,ventilation and irrigation with fruiting-inducing water stimulate primordium formation.After fruiting,the greenhouse temperature is adjusted to 12-20 ℃,avoiding direct cold air on young fruiting bodies.Mature fruiting bodies are harvested in mid-to-late March by cutting close to the ground with a small knife.During the fallow period,greenhouse facilities,raised beds,and soil are adjusted and managed to promote the subsequent growth of black waxy maize.For the cultivation of black waxy maize,the the dwarf,disease-resistant variety Zhenzhu Nuo 28 is selected as the main cultivar,with a planting density of 3 500 holes/667 m².After emergence,timely seedling gap filling,intertillage,and tiller removal are carried out;water and fertilizer management is strengthened during the ear and flowering-grain filling stages;weed control and pest management are emphasized during the late grain filling stage;and harvest is performed at 22-28 days after silking when the kernels reach high sugar content and tender skin.Four years of practice show yields of>600 kg/667 m² morels(net income 27 000 yuan/667 m²)and 1 100 kg/667 m² black waxy corn(net income 5 900 yuan/667 m²),significantly improving greenhouse utilization and profitability.This rotation model provides a reference for the promotion and application of Morchella-black waxy maize(or other short-stalk maize)rotation production in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui Province.
许早时;许泽峰;朱加保;王红娟;添长久
安徽省林业科技推广总站,安徽 合肥 230088安徽绩山农业科技有限公司,安徽绩溪 245300安徽省农业科学院经济作物研究所,安徽 合肥 230001安徽省农业科学院经济作物研究所,安徽 合肥 230001安徽省农业科学院食药用菌创新中心,安徽 合肥 230001
农业科技
皖南山区羊肚菌黑糯玉米轮作栽培
mountainous area in Southern Anhui ProvinceMorchellablack waxy maizerotationcultivation
《安徽农学通报》 2026 (11)
26-28,3
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