小麦枣乡208的选育及关键栽培技术要点OA

This paper focuses on the breeding process,characteristics,and key cultivation techniques of the wheat Zaoxiang 208.Zaoxiang 208 is a medium-maturing wheat variety with dwarf stem and large spike,derived from the cross between Aikang 58(female parent)and Zhoumai 13(male parent).It was approved by the Henan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2021(Yushenmai 20210086).The variety has a whole growth period of 221.0-228.8 days,a thousand-kernel weight of 46.1-46.9 g,and features multiple spikes with large grains.In two-year regional trials,its protein content was 13.4%and 13.6%,respectively,and its test weight was 794 and 811 g/L,respectively,indicating high quality medium-to-strong gluten wheat.It shows moderate resistance to stripe rust.Compared with the control variety(Bainong 207),Zaoxiang 208 achieved average yield increases of 6.5%and 6.1%in the two-year regional trials and the production trial,respectively,demonstrating high yield potential.The associated cultivation techniques include:watering before sowing to ensure adequate soil moisture,deep plowing once every two years,and applying sufficient basal fertilizer combined with land preparation(200-250 kg/667 m² of bio-organic fertilizer or 2 500 kg/667 m² of well-rotted farmyard manure,50 kg/667 m² of 45%compound fertilizer(N∶P2O5∶K2O is 15∶15∶15),and 3 kg/667 m² of zinc fertilizer).Seeds should be dried and dressed before sowing.The optimal sowing period is October 10-15,with a sowing rate of 6-8 kg/667 m².After emergence,timely replanting is required,and chemical weeding should be carried out at the 3-5 leaf stage.Overwintering water should be applied thoroughly from late November to mid-December.In spring and the middle to late growth stages,the technique of postponing nitrogen application is adopted,with a topdressing of 10-15 kg/667 m² of urea at the jointing stage,while water and fertilizer are controlled during the reviving-erecting stage.During the grain-filling stage,potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed.For disease control,25%pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate and 25%azoxystrobin suspension concentrate are recommended for managing sheath blight and powdery mildew.For pest control,4%bifenthrin microemulsion and 30%thiamethoxam suspension concentrate are used to control spider mites and aphids.Harvesting is carried out mechanically at the full ripening stage,followed by timely drying and storage.This paper provides a reference for the demonstration and promotion of this variety.