吉林省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及其还田替代化肥潜力OA
Nutrient resource quantities in major crop straws and their potential for replacing chemical fertilizers through complete return to soil in Jilin Province
[目的]吉林省是全国第四大粮食主产区,秸秆资源丰富,估算吉林省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及其全量还田替代化肥潜力,为全省秸秆资源高效利用、化肥减施增效、耕地质量提升以及绿色低碳农业提供科学参考.[方法]基于统计年鉴数据和文献资料,利用草谷比法量化吉林省各市玉米、水稻、大豆和花生 4 种作物秸秆资源量,估算秸秆氮磷钾养分资源量,并对其替代化肥潜力和经济效益进行评估.[结果]2019-2023 年,全省玉米、水稻、大豆和花生秸秆年平均资源量分别为 3225.68 万 t、585.08 万 t、70.36 万 t 和103.89 万 t,长春市、松原市、四平市、吉林市和白城市秸秆资源量较高,分别占全省作物秸秆总量的32.15%、19.30%、14.98%、10.69%和 10.07%.全省主要作物秸秆氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)理论资源量分别为 35.79 万 t、12.21 万 t 和 57.41 万 t,玉米、水稻、大豆和花生作物养分资源量(N+P2O5+K2O)分别占全省的77.12%、17.54%、2.20%和3.14%.全省主要作物秸秆全量还田的N、P2O5 和K2O当季有效资源量为18.76万t、8.78 万 t 和 48.66 万 t,玉米、水稻、大豆和花生 4 种作物秸秆全量还田的当季有效养分资源量(N+P2O5+K2O)分别占全省的 77.37%、17.82%、1.97%和 2.84%.按单位播种面积计,水稻秸秆还田的 N、P2O5、K2O 养分替代潜力分别为 27.32、12.56 和 122.06 kg/hm2,玉米分别为 33.47、16.12、80.55 kg/hm2,大豆分别为 20.58、5.15、25.97 kg/hm2;花生分别为 22.01、8.69、36.56 kg/hm2.基于最佳施肥量计算,水稻秸秆全量还田对 N、P2O5 和 K2O 的平均替代比例分别为 15.16%、18.50%和 11.06%,玉米分别为 15.66%、19.42%和 78.13%,大豆分别为 27.26%、6.96%和 43.35%,花生分别为 17.66%、9.17%和 30.85%.主要作物秸秆全量还田可节约氮肥投入 7.91 亿元、磷肥投入 6.22 亿元和钾肥投入 33.09 亿元,全省合计可节约化肥投入 47.22 亿元.[结论]吉林省秸秆资源量丰富,主要作物秸秆资源量为 3985.01 万 t,其中玉米和水稻的秸秆资源量分别占 80.95%和14.68%.主要作物秸秆全量还田可释放的氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)有效资源量分别为 18.76 万 t、8.78 万 t和 48.66 万 t,可替代约 65%的化学钾肥投入及 13%～15%的化学氮肥和磷肥投入,节约化肥投入 47.22 亿元.在统筹秸秆还田利用时,应考虑区域和作物种类差异,以实现秸秆资源的高效利用和化肥减施增效,从而获得显著的经济效益.
[Objectives]As the fourth-largest grain-producing province in China,Jilin Province possesses abundant straw resources.Estimating the nutrient resource quantities of major crop straws and their utilization potential under straw return in Jilin Province can provide reference data for the efficient utilization of straw nutrient resources,chemical fertilizer reduction,and green and low-carbon agriculture.[Methods]Based on statistical data and literature,using the straw-to-grain ratio method,the straw biomass,nutrient resource quantities,potential for straw incorporation to substitute nutrient inputs,and economic benefits of four major crops were estimated across different cities of Jilin Province in this study.[Results]The average annual resources of maize,rice,soybean and peanut straw in 2019-2023 were 3225.68×104 t,585.08×104 t,70.36×104 t,and 103.89×104 t,respectively.Straw resources were mainly distributed in Changchun City,Songyuan City,Siping City,Jilin City and Baicheng City,accounting for 32.15%,19.30%,14.98%,10.69%,and 10.07%of the total crop straw,respectively.The nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5)and potassium(K2O)resources from the main crop straw resources in the province were 35.79×104 t,12.21×104 t,and 57.41×104 t.The nutrient resources of maize,rice,soybean and peanut(N+P2O5+K2O)accounted for 77.12%,17.54%,2.20%,and 3.14%,respectively.The seasonally available nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5)and potassium(K2O)from the main crop straw resources in the province were 18.76×104 t,8.78×104 t,and 48.66×104 t.The seasonally available resources from maize,rice,soybean and peanut(N+P2O5+K2O)accounted for 77.37%,17.82%,1.97%,and 2.84%,respectively.In the main planting areas of the province,the substitution potential of chemical fertilizers by rice straw incorporation per unit sown area was N 27.32 kg/hm2,P2O5 12.56 kg/hm2,and K2O 122.06 kg/hm2,respectively.The substitution potential of chemical fertilizers by maize straw incorporation per unit sown area were N 33.47 kg/hm2,P2O5 16.12 kg/hm2,and K2O 80.55 kg/hm2,respectively.The substitution potential of chemical fertilizers by soybean straw incorporation per unit sown area were N 20.58 kg/hm2,P2O5 5.15 kg/hm2,and K2O 25.97 kg/hm2,respectively.The substitution potential of chemical fertilizers by peanut straw incorporation per unit sown area was N 22.01 kg/hm2,P2O5 8.69 kg/hm2,and K2O 36.56 kg/hm2,respectively.The average substitution percentage of chemical fertilizers by rice straw incorporation based on the optimal fertilization rate was 15.16%,18.50%,and 11.06%,respectively.The average substitution percentage of chemical fertilizers by maize straw incorporation based on the optimal fertilization rate was 15.66%,19.42%,and 78.13%,respectively.The average substitution percent of chemical fertilizers by soybean straw incorporation based on the optimal fertilization rate was 27.26%,6.96%,and 43.35%,respectively.The average substitution percent of chemical fertilizers by peanut straw incorporation based on the optimal fertilization rate was 17.66%,9.17%,and 30.85%,respectively.Complete straw return to the field could save about 7.91×108 yuan,6.22×108 yuan,and 33.09×108 yuan based on the prices of urea,superphosphate,and potassium sulfate,respectively,equivalent to a total of 47.22×108 yuan in chemical fertilizer costs.[Conclusions]Jilin Province is abundant in straw resources,with the straw from major crops amounting to 3985.01×104t,among which corn and rice account for 80.95%and 14.68%,respectively.Complete straw return from major crops to the fields can release available resources of N,P2O5,and K2O of 18.76×104 t,8.78×104 t,and 48.66×104 t,respectively.Complete straw return can replace approximately 65%of chemical potassium fertilizer input and about 13%-15%of chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer inputs,saving 4.722 billion yuan in chemical fertilizer costs.Regional and crop-type differences should be taken into account when coordinating straw incorporation practices to achieve efficient utilization of straw resources,reduce chemical fertilizer application,improve efficiency,and achieve considerable economic benefits.
刘慧;王雪怡;姜海洋;杨丽娟;刘玉凤;张国显
沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866||设施园艺教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866||设施园艺教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866||设施园艺教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866
作物秸秆养分资源量秸秆还田化肥替代吉林省
crop strawnutrient resource quantitystraw incorporationchemical fertilizers substitutionJilin Province
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2026 (5)
979-993,15
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2300703)国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23).
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