不同供试群体滇黄精品质特征比较与综合评价OA

Polygonatum kingianum is a characteristic and widely cultivated medicinal plant in Yunnan province,and systematic evaluation of its germplasm resources is essential for elite line selection and genetic improvement.In this study,four populations were used as experimental materials,comprising three systematically selected new lines(Yuxinhuang,Yuxinyan,and Yuxinhong)and a natural population.A total of 120 individual plants were analyzed,comprising 30 individuals randomly sampled from each of the four populations.Nine phenotypic traits and three medicinal component contents were measured to systematically analyze genetic variation patterns and conduct a comprehensive evaluation.The results indicated substantial genetic diversity among the tested materials.The coefficients of variation(CV)within and between populations ranged from 4.46％to 83.01％and from 8.03％to 77.35％,respectively.Notably,the variation in medicinal components was significantly greater than that in phenotypic traits.Correlation analysis revealed that plant height was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with yield-related traits.Furthermore,rhizome thickness showed an extremely significant positive correlation with polysaccharide and methyl protodioscin contents.Total peduncle length was extremely significantly positively correlated with methyl protodioscin and diosgenin contents,suggesting a significant associative effect between the above-ground morphological characteristics of P.kingianum and its below-ground yield and intrinsic quality.Consequently,easily observable traits such as plant height and peduncle length can serve as indicators for the preliminary evaluation and auxiliary screening of yield potential and quality.Principal component analysis(PCA)extracted four principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 66.91％,screening out five core evaluation indices,including plant height,rhizome length,rhizome width,rhizome thickness,and rhizome weight.Cluster analysis classified the 120 individual samples into four groups:Group Ⅰ comprised high-yield materials,mainly represented by Yuxinhuang;Groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ consisted of high-saponin materials,predominantly Yuxinyan;and Group Ⅲincluded high-polysaccharide materials,mainly Yuxinhong.Based on comprehensive scores derived from the membership function method,the top 30 elite individuals with superior overall performance were selected,including 15 Yuxinhuang,13 Yuxinyan,and two Yuxinhong,while no accessions from natural populations were included.Overall,this study systematically elucidates the phenotypic and quality characteristics of different P.kingianum lines and highlights the comprehensive advantages of the Yuxin series elite lines,providing a solid theoretical basis and valuable germplasm resources for targeted breeding and efficient utilization of P.kingianum.