茄子种质资源遗传多样性及抗病性鉴定OA

To systematically evaluate the genetic diversity of eggplant germplasm resources and screen for disease-resistant germplasms,this study used 62 eggplant accessions as experimental materials.Genetic diversity was analyzed through morphological traits and InDel molecular marker technology,and resistance to bacterial wilt and phonopsis blight was identified via artificial inoculation.The results showed that the morphological traits of the test eggplant accessions,such as fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,and fruit color,exhibited rich variation,with coefficients of variation for all traits exceeding 10％,among which fruit traits showed the most pronounced diversity.Phenotypic clustering divided the tested germplasms into four groups,primarily distinguishing types such as purple-red long eggplant and white-green fruit eggplant based on fruit traits.InDel molecular marker clustering also resulted in four groups,with cultivated varieties highly concentrated in Group Ⅰ(49 accessions),indicating a relatively narrow genetic base,while wild species were independently clustered into Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ,showing a large genetic distance from cultivated varieties and serving as a key source for broadening genetic diversity.At the molecular level,the mean polymorphism information content(PIC)of the 23 InDel markers was 0.290,with 18 markers(78.3％)exhibiting moderate polymorphism(0.25＜PIC＜0.50)and five markers showing low polymorphism(PIC＜0.25),indicating a moderate level of genetic diversity.Disease resistance evaluation identified four accessions highly resistant to bacterial wilt,including the wild germplasm African scarlet eggplant(24AE001,24AE002)and turkey berry(24AE004),as well as cultivated accession 24AE100;and eight accessions immune to phomopsis blight,including the wild germplasm African scarlet eggplant(24AE001,24AE002)and Kashi eggplant(24AE003),as well as cultivated accessions 24AE024,24AE058,24AE068,24AE078,and 24AE098.Wild germplasm accessions exhibited superior disease resistance.These findings confirm that eggplant germplasm resources possess substantial genetic diversity,with wild germplasm serving as an important reservoir of disease resistance genes.The identified resistant germplasms provide valuable genetic resources for disease-resistant breeding programs.