测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应OA
Response of wheat tillering and spike formation to nitrogen rate under sup-plementary irrigation based on soil moisture content
为明确测墒补灌节水条件下施氮量对小麦分蘖发生和成穗调控的生理机制,于 2020-2022 年,在测墒补灌条件下研究 0、130、180 和 230 kg hm-2 四个氮肥施用量对济麦 22 分蘖发生期间分蘖节横截面积、主茎光合生产能力、分蘖成穗期间 13C同化物在各茎蘖分配的调控效应,分析氮肥施用量与分蘖发生和成穗的关系.结果表明,相比于不施氮和施氮量为 130 kg hm-2,施氮量为 180 kg hm-2 显著提高了小麦分蘖节横截面积和反式玉米素(tZ)含量、降低了生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量,提高了越冬期和返青期主茎顶部展开叶光合能力,越冬期群体总茎蘖数两试验年度平均值比不施氮和施氮量为 130 kg hm-2 分别提高了 35.1%和 14.3%;拔节期群体总茎蘖数两试验年度平均值比不施氮和施氮量为 130 kg hm-2 分别提高了 80.6%和 22.2%.当施氮量为 180 kg hm-2 时,13C同化物在I、II和III蘖的分配量显著高于不施氮处理,籽粒产量两试验年度平均值与不施氮和施氮量为 130 kg hm-2 相比分别提高 47.9%和 19.2%.当施氮量提高到 230 kg hm-2 时,上述各指标与施氮量为 180 kg hm-2 无显著差异,但氮肥偏生产力显著降低.相关性分析表明,小麦分蘖节横截面积、反式玉米素含量和顶部展开叶净光合速率与群体总茎蘖数和群体穗数均呈极显著正相关,13C同化物在各茎蘖的分配量与群体穗数呈极显著正相关.因此,增加分蘖节横截面积和反式玉米素含量、提高叶片光合能力和 13C 同化物在各茎蘖的分配量是提高穗数和籽粒产量的重要生理基础.综上,在本试验测墒补灌节水条件下,施氮量为 180 kg hm-2 提高了小麦分蘖节横截面积、反式玉米素含量和主茎顶部展开叶光合能力,促进了光合同化物在I、II和III蘖的分配,从而获得了较高的穗数和籽粒产量,因此,180 kg hm-2 是本试验条件下高产高效的适宜施氮量.
To elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which nitrogen rate regulates wheat tillering and spike formation under water-saving irrigation with supplemental irrigation guided by soil moisture measurements,we evaluated four nitrogen rates(0,130,180,and 230 kg hm-2)in wheat cultivar Jimai 22 from 2020 to 2022.We assessed the cross-sectional area of the tillering node,the photosynthetic capacity of the uppermost fully expanded leaves on the main stem,and 13C-assimilate partitioning among stems and tillers during tillering and spike formation.Compared with 0 and 130 kg hm-2,180 kg hm-2 significantly increased tillering-node cross-sectional area and trans-zeatin(tZ)content,decreased indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents,and enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of the uppermost fully expanded leaves at the overwintering and regreening stages.Total tillers per population at overwintering increased by 35.1%and 14.3%under 180 kg hm-2 relative to 0 and 130 kg hm-2,respectively;at jointing,the corresponding increases were 80.6%and 22%.The allocation of 13Cassimilates to tillers I,II,and III under 180 kg hm-2 was significantly higher than under 0 kg hm-2,and the mean grain yield across the two years was 47.9%and 19.2%higher than that under 0 and 130 kg hm-2,respectively.Increasing the nitrogen rate to 230 kg hm-2 did not fur-ther improve these traits compared with 180 kg hm-2,but significantly reduced nitrogen partial factor productivity.Correlation analysis showed that tillering-node cross-sectional area,trans-zeatin content,and net photosynthetic rate of the uppermost fully expanded leaves were significantly and positively correlated with total tillers per population and spike number,and that 13C-assimilate allocation to tillers was significantly and positively correlated with spike number.These results indicate that in-creasing tillering-node cross-sectional area and trans-zeatin content,enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity,and promoting as-similate allocation to tillers provide key physiological bases for improving spike number and grain yield.Overall,under the soil-moisture-guided water-saving irrigation regime used here,180 kg hm-2 was the optimal nitrogen rate for achieving high yield and high nitrogen-use efficiency.
高沛阳;李瑾璇;董宇奎;石玉;张振;张永丽
小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东 泰安 271018小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东 泰安 271018兰陵县农业技术推广中心,山东 临沂 277700小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东 泰安 271018小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东 泰安 271018小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东 泰安 271018
小麦测墒补灌施氮量分蘖发生分蘖成穗
wheatsupplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurementnitrogen fertilizer ratetillering occurrencetiller into spikes
《作物学报》 2026 (6)
1847-1858,12
本研究由山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MC131)资助.This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MC131).
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