猕猴桃设施栽培光能高效利用机制与调控技术研究进展OA

As a characteristic and advantageous fruit tree in China,kiwifruit ranks first in the world in both cultivation area and yield.However,its open-field cultivation is vulnerable to threats from extreme weather and diseases.Although protected cultivation can effectively alleviate these problems,the use of covering materials leads to light attenuation and light environment heterogeneity,which restrict the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality.This paper systematically reviews the relevant research progress:kiwifruit,as a C3 plant,has the characteristic of"preferring light but fearing intense sun exposure".The diurnal variation of photosynthesis shows a"double-peak"curve,with obvious midday photosynthetic depression.Different kiwifruit varieties exhibit significant differences in light saturation point and light compensation point.Light intensity,light quality,and photoperiod affect the function of photosynthetic apparatus,secondary metabolism,and fruit quality formation by regulating the expression of photoreceptor genes.Protected cultivation reduces the light intensity inside the greenhouse to 60％-80％of that in open fields,resulting in"softened"light quality and uneven distribution,which requires optimization through technical means.Technologies for efficient light energy utilization include greenhouse structure optimization(improvement of greenhouse types and trellis systems),application of high light-transmission/light quality-regulating covering materials,LED red-blue supplementary lighting,intelligent shading and photoperiod regulation,canopy management,and photovoltaic agriculture models.These technologies can significantly improve photosynthetic efficiency,reduce the incidence of diseases such as bacterial canker,increase single fruit weight,enhance sugar content and vitamin C content,and reduce fruit sunburn.For three major ecological regions of rainy and low-light southern regions,high-light and arid northern regions,and high-altitude cool regions,region-specific light environment models of rain shelter+supplementary lighting,intelligent shading+drip irrigation,and UV filtration+temperature increase have been respectively established,all achieving quality improvement and yield increase.Currently,there are problems such as insufficient light in greenhouses,high cost of light regulation,and unclear multi-factor synergy mechanisms.In the future,focus should be placed on the development of new covering materials,establishment of intelligent regulation models,research on variety-specific light adaptation mechanisms,analysis of molecular mechanisms,and development of green and efficient technical equipment.This will provide theoretical support and technical reference for the optimization of light environment in kiwifruit protected cultivation.