基因组选择融合多组学与高效繁育技术的奶牛遗传改良研究进展OA

China's dairy industry has witnessed remarkable improvements in both yield and quality,yet the lack of self-sufficiency and controllability in core genetic resources remains a constraint on industrial upgrading.To achieve the goal of independent mastery of core breeding materials,and against the backdrop of rapid development in biotechnology,dairy cattle breeding is transitioning from traditional pedigree and phenotypic selection toward genomic selection(GS),and further evolving into precision breeding integrated with multi-omics technologies.This review focuses on three cutting-edge directions in dairy cattle genetic improvement:Optimization of genomic selection algorithms,integrated application of multi-omics,and engineering integration of high-efficiency breeding technologies.In genomic selection algorithms,weighted multiple kernel ridge regression(WMKRR)dissects non-additive genetic effects through a multi-kernel fusion strategy,enhancing prediction accuracy by incorporating biological priors.Hybrid artificial intelligence models(HAIM)combine deep learning with statistical models to efficiently process high-dimensional complex data and genotype-by-environment interactions(G×E).Multi-omics integration utilizes transcriptomics,epigenomics,metabolomics,and microbiomics data to screen functional variants and elucidate the mechanisms underlying milk production traits,thereby supporting whole-genome selection and low-carbon breeding.The engineering integration of high-efficiency breeding technologies,such as ovum pick-up and in vitro fertilization(OPU-IVF),juvenile in vitro embryo transfer(JIVET),and embryo genomic selection(EGS),shortens generation intervals and enhances the multiplication efficiency of superior germplasm.Additionally,this review examines breeding strategies for traits like heat tolerance and low methane emission,points out existing bottlenecks such as algorithm interpretability,phenotyping for novel traits,and technology industrialization,and finally proposes a synergistic innovation pathway of"resources-data-technology-platform"to promote independent dairy breeding and ensuring the sustainable development of the dairy industry.