锂离子电池电解液阻燃剂及添加策略研究进展OA

The intrinsic flammability of organic electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries can easily trigger thermal runaway-combustion chain reactions under abuse conditions such as overcharge and short cir-cuit.Therefore,the introduction of flame-retardant additives to regulate the combustion path of the elec-trolyte through molecular design has become a preferred strategy that balances safety enhancement and engineering economy.Focusing on phosphorus-based,halogen-based,and composite flame retardants,it clarified their gas-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanisms,analyzed the double-edged effects of additives on electrochemical performance,and revealed the flame-retardant characteristics of additives for lithium-ion battery electrolytes.The results show that current systems still face core chal-lenges such as intensified electrode-additive side reactions,insufficient high-temperature tolerance,and limitations in large-scale preparation.While improving the self-extinguishing properties of electrolytes,these additives may also impair ionic conductivity,electrode-interface stability,and cycle life.Future work should focus on developing multidimensional additives with both flame-retardant and interfacial-regulation functions,combining them with intelligent response technologies to achieve dynamic protec-tion,and constructing compatible systems through the multiscale collaborative design of electrolytes,e-lectrodes,and flame retardants.The findings can provide a new paradigm for the practical application of batteries with high safety and high specific energy.