基于监测站点的侵蚀性降雨标准研究OA
Erosive rainfall standard based on monitoring stations—A case study of sloping black soil farmland in the rolling hills region of Hailun
侵蚀性降雨标准的拟定是土壤侵蚀预报的关键,不仅能有效减少预报工作量,还能提高预报精度.本研究基于国家水土保持监测黑龙江省海伦市光荣小流域水力侵蚀观测重点站 2013—2024年的实测降雨产流产沙数据,采用降雨侵蚀力偏差法,对比分析了裸地、传统耕作、免耕秸秆覆盖和荒地 4种土地利用方式下的侵蚀性降雨标准,以及标准达到稳定所需的年限,并通过相关指标进行评价.结果表明,裸地小区的侵蚀性雨量(P)标准为 12.1～13.3 mm,侵蚀性最大30 min雨强(I30)标准为 9.9～12.0 mm·h-1;传统耕作小区的 P标准为 14.4～18.0 mm,I30 标准为 12.7～16.5 mm·h-1.免耕秸秆覆盖和荒地小区的侵蚀性降雨标准均高于裸地和传统耕作小区,免耕秸秆覆盖小区的 P和 I30 平均标准值较裸地小区分别提高 1.1和 1.3倍,较传统耕作小区分别提高 65.2%和 68.7%;荒地小区的 P和 I30 标准值较裸地小区分别提高 1.2和1.3倍,较传统耕作小区分别提高 70.0%和 72.8%.通过对比相对误差、错选率、剔除率和损失率 4个评价指标,发现裸地和传统耕作小区宜采用 I30 标准,免耕秸秆覆盖和荒地小区则宜采用 P标准.随着降雨数据资料年限的增加,P和 I30 标准的相对误差和变异系数减小,当年限达到 11 a时,研究区所有土地利用方式的 P和 I30 标准的合格率均达到 100%,即达到稳定.该研究可为东北漫川漫岗黑土区土壤侵蚀预报和水土流失防治规划提供参考.
The determination of erosive rainfall standard is crucial for soil erosion prediction,which can effectively reduce the workload of prediction and improve the accuracy of prediction as well.Based on the measured rainfall,runoff,and sediment yield data from 2013 to 2024 at the Guangrong Small Watershed Key Water Erosion Observation Station of the National Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring in Hailun City,Heilongjiang Province,the erosive rainfall standard under four land use(bare land,conven-tional tillage,no-tillage with straw mulching,and wasteland),as well as the number of years required to stabilize the standard was compared with the rainfall erosivity deviation method,and relevant indicators were used to evaluate the accuracy of erosive rainfall standard.The results show that,for bare land plot,the erosive rainfall(P)standard is 12.6-13.3 mm,and the erosive maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity(I30)standard is 9.9-12.0 mm·h-1;for the conventional tillage plot,the P standard is 14.4-18.0 mm,and the I30 standard is 12.7-16.5 mm·h-1.The erosive rainfall standards of no-tillage with straw mulching and wasteland plots are both higher than those of the bare land and traditional tillage plots.The P and I30 standards of no-tillage with straw mulching plots are averagely increased by 1.1 and 1.3 times compared with the bare land plot,and by 65.2%and 68.7%compared with the conventional tillage plot,respectively.The P and I30 standards of the wasteland plots are averagely increased by 1.2 and 1.3 times compared with the bare land plot,and by 70.0%and 72.8%compared with the conventional tillage plot,respectively.By comparing four evaluation indicators,namely relative error,wrong selection index,efficiency index,and erosion loss,the I30 standard is suitable for bare land and conven-tional tillage plots,while the P standard is suitable for no-tillage with straw mulching and wasteland plots.With the increase in rain-fall data duration,the relative error and coefficient of variation of the P and I30 standards decrease.When the rainfall data reaches 11 years,the qualification rates of the P and I30 standards for all land use reach 100%,meaning they become stable.This study provides a reference for soil erosion prediction and soil and water loss prevention and control planning in black soil with rolling hills in North-east China.
樊旭;胡伟;沈庆松;陈渊;李建业;郭明明;张兴义
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081||东北农业大学 资源与环境学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
农业科技
侵蚀性降雨标准径流小区降雨量最大30min雨强土地利用方式东北黑土区
erosive rainfall standardrunoff plotrainfall amountmaximum 30-minute intensityland useblack soil region in Northeast China
《土壤与作物》 2026 (2)
202-212,11
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1501100)黑龙江省重点研发计划(创新基地)项目(JD24A012).
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