温度响应型智能热湿管理纺织品的制备及研究进展OA

As a direct and easily controllable stimulus,temperature can induce reversible phase transitions in thermos-responsive polymers,and further drive dynamic responses of textiles at multiple levels,including interfacial wettability,pore structure and heat and moisture transport behavior.This mechanism forms the core of intelligent thermal-moisture regulation materials.The temperature-responsive mechanisms of thermos-responsive polymers mainly include two types.One is the phase transition mechanism based on the critical solution temperature(CST),represented by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM),which undergoes a reversible hydrophilic-hydrophobic transition near its lower critical solution temperature(LCST,28℃),leading to changes in the surface wettability of textiles.The other is based on the crystallization/melting temperature or glass transition temperature,such as thermos-responsive polyurethane.In this system,the microphase-separated soft and hard segments undergo chain freezing or motion with temperature variation,thereby regulating the thermal insulation and breathability of fabrics.These mechanisms constitute an intelligent feedback loop of"temperature signal-polymer phase transition-textile structural/property response-thermal and moisture transport regulation." Regarding the mechanism of heat and moisture transfer,maintaining the dynamic balance of the human-textile-environment microclimate is the key to achieving thermal comfort.Heat transfer in textiles mainly occurs through conduction,convection,radiation and latent heat exchange during evaporation,whereas moisture transport relies on mechanisms such as differential capillary effects,wettability gradients and biomimetic transpiration to drive the migration of liquid sweat and water vapor.The transport behavior of sweat through inter-fiber pores,yarn interstices and internal fiber channels provides the theoretical basis for designing high-efficiency thermal and moisture management textiles. Current research on temperature-responsive smart thermal and moisture management textiles mainly focuses on two fabrication strategies.The first is textile structural design,in which fiber types,linear density and fabric structures are engineered to construct gradients in wettability and pore size along the fabric thickness direction,enabling directional sweat transport through capillary pressure differences.The second is surface functionalization,in which thermos-responsive polymers are introduced onto textile surfaces through coating,grafting,printing or electrospinning techniques to impart reversible wettability transitions. Smart textiles fabricated through these strategies have demonstrated diverse functions and application potential.Single-function textiles mainly aim to improve thermal-moisture comfort by optimizing moisture absorption,sweat transport and unidirectional wicking,thereby maintaining a stable human microclimate during sports and daily wear.Multifunctional integrated textiles represent a more advanced development direction.In addition,biomimetic structural designs,such as snake-skin-inspired scale structures or thermally driven composite materials,can be used to develop adaptive thermal protective materials that achieve a balance between protection,flexibility and comfort in extreme environments such as firefighting protective clothing. Despite their promising prospects,temperature-responsive smart thermal and moisture management textiles still face several key challenges.These include the limited transition temperature range(LCST/UCST)of thermos-responsive polymers,which restricts their applicability across wide temperature ranges;insufficient interfacial bonding between polymers and textile substrates,which leads to limited washing and abrasion durability;and challenges in achieving uniformity,large-scale production and retention of the inherent textile properties such as softness in current fabrication processes.To address these issues,future research may focus on combining molecular design with structural engineering to further optimize performance.Overall,with continuous advances in material design,interfacial engineering,and textile fabrication technologies,temperature-responsive smart thermal and moisture management textiles are expected to find broader applications in personalized thermal comfort regulation,environment-adaptive protection,and intelligent health monitoring.